Disinfectants & More!

Question 1

Chemical germicides

Answer 1

substance designed to reduce number of pathogens

Question 2

Disinfectant

Answer 2

germicide for use on non-living things (surfaces)

Question 3

Examples of disinfectants

Answer 3

bleach, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol

Question 4

Effect of disinfection

Answer 4

destroys vegetative pathogens on a surface, usually with liquid chemical agents

reduces or inhibits growth, does NOT sterilize

Question 5

Antiseptics

Answer 5

Germicides designed for use on living tissues (mouthwash or betadine)

Question 6

Use-Dilution Tests

Answer 6

determined effectiveness of disinfectants against pathogens

the more the chemical can be diluted and still be effective, the higher the rating

Question 7

Sanitation

Answer 7

cleans and disinfecta

Question 8

Sterilisation

Answer 8

highest level of pathogen control that destroys ALL forms of life (including endospores) in or on a material

Question 9

Major categories of disinfectants

Answer 9

Phenolics, oxidising agents, alcohols, halogens, and surfactants

Question 10

Phenolics

Answer 10

active ingredients in some household disinfectants, mouthwashes, soaps, and hand washes

Question 11

What is Phenol?

Answer 11

A carbolic acid; present in Lysol

Question 12

What is Bisphenol?

Answer 12

Phisohex are two phenolic groups connected by a bridge

Question 13

Alcohols

Answer 13

sometimes used as disinfectants, but more often as antiseptics (used on living tissue)

Question 14

Oxidising agents

Answer 14

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and house bleach (sodium hypochlorite solution)

Question 15

Halogens

Answer 15

strong oxidising agents such as, betadine

commonly used as disinfectants

Question 16

Examples of halogens

Answer 16

Fluorine (fluoride in toothpaste), chlorine, bromine, iodine (betadine solution)

Question 17

Surfactants

Answer 17

Emulsify oils (soaps and detergents)

Question 18

Resistance to chemical biocides (most to resistant to least resistant)

Answer 18

Endospores
Mycobacteria
Gram (-)
Viruses without envelopes
Gram (+)
Viruses with envelopes

Question 19

Germ theory of disease

Answer 19

microorganisms cause disease

Question 20

Antibiotics

Answer 20

NATURAL anti microbial agents (penicillin)

Question 21

Antimicrobials or antimicrobics

Answer 21

synthetic agents used to treat bacterial infections

Question 22

Zone of inhibition

Answer 22

area showing antibiotic susceptibility or NO GROWTH

Question 23

Concentration gradients

Answer 23

established by antibiotics as they diffuse through the agar

Question 24

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Answer 24

LOWEST concentration of antibiotic for which there is no growth

Question 25

Disk diffusion test

Answer 25

Measures effectiveness of antimicrobics against pathogens

Question 26

Susceptible

Answer 26

Bacteria affected by antibiotics

Question 27

Resistant

Answer 27

Bacteria NOT affected by antibiotics

Question 28

Examples of Antibiotics

Answer 28

Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, vancomycin (commonly used for tests)

Question 29

Fluid Thioglycollate Medium

Answer 29

liquid medium that allows the growth of anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria

Question 30

Anaerobic Jar

Answer 30

Used to create anaerobic, microaerophilic, CO2-enriched conditions depending on specific needs of bacteria

Question 31

Aerotolerance

Answer 31

Ability or inability to live in presence of O2 (do not use O2 for growth, but can tolerate its presence)

Question 32

Obligate (strict) aerobes

Answer 32

Organism that require O2 for respiration, usually grow at top where it’s most plentiful

Question 33

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 33

Grow in presence or absence of O2

Question 34

Obligate (strict) anaerobes

Answer 34

Grow in the absence of O2, usually at the bottom