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PROTOZOAN Flashcards

1
Q

Kindom Protozoa:

A
  • Phylum Amoebazoa
  • Phylum Metamonada
  • Phylum Euglenozoa
  • Phylum Ciliophora
  • Phylum Apicomplexa
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2
Q

Under Phylum Amoebazoa:

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. E. coli
  3. E. hartmanni
  4. Iodamoeba bütschlii
  5. Endolimax nana
  6. Naegleria fowleri
  7. Acanthamoeba spp.
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3
Q

Under Phylum Metamonada:

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Dientamoeba fragilis
  3. Chilomastix mesnili
  4. Trichomonas vaginalis
  5. T. tenax
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4
Q

Under Phylum Euglenozoa:

A
  1. Leishmania spp.
  2. Trypanosomes
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5
Q

Under Phylum Ciliophora:

A
  1. Balantidium coli
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5
Q

Under Phylum Apicomplexa:

A
  1. Babesia spp.
  2. Plasmodium spp.
  3. Toxoplasma gondii
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6
Q

Characterized by the presence of hyaline foot-like extrusions from the ectoplasm

A

Amoeba

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7
Q

All amoeba are intestine dwellers except: _________

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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8
Q

All amoeba are commensals except: _________

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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9
Q

In amoebas, Cyst is the infective stage except: _________

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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10
Q

Amoebas are under Phylum Sarcomastigophora before, now ___________

A

Phylum
Amoebazoa

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11
Q

Amoeba
4 Stages in the life cycle

A
  1. Trophozoite
  2. *Pre-cystic stage
  3. Cystic stage
  4. Metacystic stage
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12
Q

Cyst stage that has the max number of nuclei

A

Cystic stage

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13
Q

process when trophozoite transforms into a cyst

A

Encystation

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14
Q

process when a cyst transforms into a trophozoite

A

Excystation

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15
Q

For the movement of ameoba

A

Pseudopodium

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16
Q

Max nucleus of trophozoites of amoebas

A

1

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17
Q

Seen in immature amoeba cysts

A

chromatid bodies

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18
Q

Common in people who live in tropical areas with poor sanitary
conditions

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

Most pathogenic amoeba; true pathogen

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is reflected in its ability to cause__________ and _____________

A
  • invasive intestinal amoebiasis
  • extraintestinal amoebic infections
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21
Q

Habitat of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Large intestines

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22
Q

Infective Stage of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Cyst

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23
Q

Final Host of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Man

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23
Q

Virulent Stage of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Trophozoite

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24
Q

MOT of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Ingestion of mature cyst

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25
Q

Max nucleus of mature cyst of Entamoeba histolytica

A

“tetra/ quadrinucleated”

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26
Q

Shape of E. histolytica
cyst

A

Round with thin cell wall

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27
Q

The cyst of E. histolytica have a evenly distributed _________

A

peripheral chromatin

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28
Q

Shape of the chromatoidal bar of E. histolytica cyst

A

cigar shape

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28
Q

Location of karyosome of the cyst of E. histolytica

A

centrally located

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29
Q

Size of E. histolytica cyst

A

10-20um (usually,
12-15 um)

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30
Q

E. histolytica is similar in morphology with:

A
  • E. moshkovskii
  • E. hartmanni
  • E. dispar
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31
Q

motolity of E. histolytica trophozoites

A

Progressive aggressive/rapid directional

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32
Q

The characteristic of E. histolytica trophozoites of swallowing RBCs

A

Hematophagia

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33
Q

Vegetative/feeding stage

A

Trophozoites

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34
Q

Cytoplasm of E. histolytica trophozoites appearance

A

finely granular, “ground-glass appearance

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35
Q

E. histolytica trophozoites have a nucleus with evenly distributed _______________

A

peripheral chromatin

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36
Q

Size of E. histolytica trophozoites

A

12-60um (usually, 15-20 um)

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37
Q

Diagnosis for E. histolytica

A
  1. Direct fecal smear
  2. Concentration Technique
  3. Culture Media
  4. Stains
  5. Serological tests
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38
Q

Non-pathogenic ameoba lumen dweller

A

Entamoeba coli

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39
Q

Entamoeba coli MOT

A

ingestion of cysts from contaminated water or
food

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40
Q

Shape of E. coli cyst

A

Spherical/oval

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41
Q

Appearance of the peripheral cromatin of
E. coli cyst

A

coarsely granular/clumped
unevenly distributed

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42
Q

Shape of E. coli cyst chromatoidal body

A

splinter shaped with rough, pointed ends

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43
Q

E. coli cyst size

A

10-35 um (usually, 15-25um)

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44
Q

Appearance of pseudopodia of E. histolytica

A

hyaline, fingerlike pseudopodia

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45
Q

Appearance of pseudopodia of E. coli

A

blunt and
granular pseudopodia

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46
Q

Movement of E. coli

A

Sluggish, nondirectional

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47
Q

Location of karyosome of E. coli trophozoite

A

eccentric

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48
Q

Octonucleated with eccentric & large karyosome

A

E. coli cyst

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49
Q

Appearance of E. coli trophozoite peripheral
chromatin

A

Unevenly arranged and clumped peripheral
chromatin

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50
Q

Appearance of E. coli trophozoite cytoplasm

A

Granular cytoplasm usually vacuolated,
contains debris

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51
Q

Size of E. coli trophozoite

A

15-50 um (usually, 20-25um)

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52
Q

Spherical shape

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

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53
Q

4 nuclei

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A
  • Entamoeba hartmanni (common 2 nuclei)
  • Endolimax nana cysts
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54
Q

Evenly distributed, difficult to
observe Peripheral chromatin

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

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55
Q

Small centrally located Karyosome

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

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56
Q

Chromatoidal bodies with blunt, round, smooth edges

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Entamoeba hartmanni
cyst

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57
Q

5-10 um in size

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A
  • Entamoeba hartmanni
  • Endolimax nana
    cyst
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58
Q

Oval or spherical shape

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A
  • Endolimax nana
  • Iodamoeba butschlii
    cyst
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59
Q

1 nucleus

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
cyst

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60
Q

No peripheral chromatin

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A
  • Endolimax nana
  • Iodamoeba butschlii
    cyst
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61
Q

Smaller then karyosome in trophozoites

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Endolimax nana
cyst

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62
Q

Large usually eccentric
refractile granules may be
on one side (“basket
nucleus”)

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
cyst

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63
Q

Chromatoidal bodies are rarely present/ fine linear faintly visible in stained smears

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Endolimax nana
cyst

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64
Q

No chromatoidal bodies
With Large compact, welldefined mass (reddish brown if stained with iodine)

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
cyst

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65
Q

5-10 um in size

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A
  • Entamoeba hartmanni
  • Endolimax nana cyst
66
Q

5-20 um in size

Other intestinal protozoa cyst

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
cyst

67
Q

Non progressive

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Entamoeba hartmanni
trophozoite

68
Q

Sluggish usually non progressive

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A
  • Endolimax nana
    trophozoite
  • Iodamoeba butschlii
    trophozoite
69
Q

Mononucleated

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A
  • Entamoeba hartmanni
    trophozoite
  • Endolimax nana trophozoite
  • Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite
70
Q

Peripheral chromatin is Same with E. histolytica/E. dispar

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Entamoeba hartmanni
trophozoite

71
Q

Usually no peripheral chromatin

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

-Endolimax nana
trophozoite
- Iodamoeba butschlii
trophozoite

72
Q

Small, may be centrally located or eccentric Karyosome

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Entamoeba hartmanni
trophozoite

73
Q

Large, irregularly shaped; blotlike appearance Karyosome

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Endolimax nana
trophozoite

74
Q

Large, may be surrounded
by refractile granules that
are difficult to see (“basket
nucleus”) Karyosome

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
trophozoite

75
Q

Cytoplasm is Finely granular may contain
bacteria

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Entamoeba hartmanni
trophozoite

76
Q

Cytoplasm has bacteria

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Endolimax nana
trophozoite

77
Q

Cytoplasm is Granular and heavily vacuolated w/ bacteria

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
trophozoite

78
Q

5-12 um in size

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Entamoeba hartmanni
trophozoite

79
Q

8-20 um in size

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Iodamoeba butschlii
trophozoite

80
Q

6-12 um in size

Other intestinal protozoa trophozoite

A

Endolimax nana
trophozoite

81
Q

These are protozoans characterized by the presence of whiplike locomotory organ

A

Flagellates

82
Q

Flagellates are under what phylum?

A

Phylum
Metamonada

83
Q

Flagellates are under of Phylum Sarcomastigophora before, now ________

A

Phylum
Metamonada

84
Q

Flagellates with no cyst stage:

A
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Trichomonas hominis
  • Before: Dientamoeba fragilis*
85
Q
  • Found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces
    (poop) from infected humans or animals
A

Giardia duodenalis

86
Q

Giardia duodenalis old name

A

Giardia Lambia

87
Q

Foul-smelling diarrhea with increased amount of fat and mucus but no blood

A

Giardiasis

88
Q

Host of Giardia duodenalis

A

Humans and other mammals, birds and
reptiles

89
Q

Reproduction of Giardia duodenalis

A

Binary fission

90
Q

Habitat of Giardia duodenalis

91
Q

size of G. duodenalis cyst

A

8-19 um x 11– 14 um (LW)

92
Q

shape of G. duodenalis cyst

A

Oval, ellipsoidal

93
Q

Max nuclei of G. duodenalis cyst

94
Q

shape of G. duodenalis trophozoite

A

Pear/Spoon shaped/teardrop (pointed posterior)

95
Q

Size of G. duodenalis trophozoite

A

10-20um x 5-15um

96
Q

Motility of G. duodenalis trophozoite

A

Falling leaf

97
Q

Max nuclei of G. duodenalis trophozoite

98
Q

How many pairs of Flagella of G. duodenalis trophozoite

99
Q

Location of pairs of flagella in G. duodenalis trophozoite

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • ventral
  • lateral
100
Q

Shape of median bodies of G. duodenalis trophozoite

A

Claw-hammer-shaped

101
Q

occupies ½ - ¾ of ventral surface of G. duodenalis trophozoite

A

Sucking disk

102
Q

Pathology of G. duodenalis:

A
  • Similar to amebiasis and bacterial diarrhea
  • Traveler’s diarrhea
  • gay bowel syndrome
  • Epigastric pain
  • flatulence
  • fat malabsorption
102
Q

Aka string test

A

Entero-Test

103
Q

Diagnosis of G. duodenalis:

A
  • Routine stool examination
  • Entero-Test
  • Duodenal aspirate examination
  • Immunoassays
  • Tissue biopsy
  • Molecular Testing
104
Q

Parts of G. DUODENALIS trophozoites

A
  • nuclei
  • median (parabasal) bodies
  • Flagella
  • axostyle
  • axonemes
105
Q

Flagellates that are originally described as ameba

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

106
Q

Max nuclei of Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite and cyst

A

1 or 2 nuclei

107
Q

MOT of Dientamoeba fragilis

A
  • fecal-oral route
  • Ingestion of trophozoites and/or cysts (person to person)
107
Q

Nuclear membrane of Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite and cyst has no _______________

A

peripheral chromatin

108
Q

Karyosome of Dientamoeba fragilis Trophozoite and cyst has 4-6 ___________

A

discrete
granules

109
Q

May be conveyed in helminth eggs (Enterobius vermicularis infection)

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

110
Q

Usually asymptomatic

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

111
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis Common symptoms:

A

intermittent diarrhea w/ excess mucus

112
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis
is not detected by ___________

A

concentration techniques

112
Q

Diagnosis of Dientamoeba fragilis:

A
  • DFS
  • Prompt fixation of fresh stool
    w/ PVA fixative or
    Schaudinn’s fixative has
    been helpful.
113
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis
stages

A
  • Pseudocystic stages
  • Trophozoites
113
Q

Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Pear-shaped/pyriform

114
Q

Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis Pseudocyst

114
Q

size of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites

A

7-23um x 5-15um

115
Q

Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites

A

Flagellate and ameboid – pear shaped

115
Q

Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites

A

jerky, rapid, non-directional

116
Q

Location of flagella of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites

A

3-5 anterior 1 posterior

117
Q

With undulating membrane

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

118
Q

Transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis:

A
  • sexual intercourse
  • infant delivery
  • use of contaminated towels & underwater
119
Q

Habitat of Trichomonas vaginalis in males

A

prostate gland

119
Q

contaminated towels & underwater

120
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis
is found usually in what specimen

120
Q

Habitat of Trichomonas vaginalis in females

A

Vagina/cervix

121
Q

Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis:

A
  • Urinalysis*
  • Vaginal discharge, vaginal scrapings examination
  • Cervical smear*
  • Seminal, prostatic fluid examination
  • Fluorescent staining
  • Culture
  • Immunoassays
  • Molecular testing
122
Q

Non-pathogenic Flagellates

A
  • Pentatrichomonas (Trichomonas) hominis
  • Trichomonas tenax
  • Chilomastix mesnili
123
Q

SAMPLE USED
FOR DIAGNOSIS of T.
hominis:

A

Fecal contamination

124
Q

Size range of T.
hominis trophozoites

A

7-20 um x 5 - 18 um

125
Q

SAMPLE USED
FOR DIAGNOSIS of T.
tenax:

A
  • oral pathogen
  • peridental disease
125
Q

Size range of T. tenax trophozoite

126
Q

Chilomastix mesnili Cyst size

127
Q

Mononucleated with distinct anterior protuberance

A

Chilomastix mesnili Cyst

128
Q

Size of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite

A

10-20 x 3-10um

128
Q

With anterior hyaline knob

A

Chilomastix mesnili Cyst

129
Q

Shape of Chilomastix mesnili Cyst

A

“Lemon shaped/nipple shaped”

130
Q

With shepherd’s crook-like cytostome/spiral groove

A

Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite

130
Q

Motility of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite

131
Q

Location of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite flagella

A

3 anterior, 1 in cytostome

131
Q

Max nucleus of Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite

132
Q

Prominent cytostome extending 1/3–1/2 length of body

A

Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite

133
Q

Spiral groove across ventral surface

A

Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite

134
Q

Balantidium coli infection is mostly ___________

A

asymptomatic

134
Q

Only pathogenic ciliate and the largest of the protozoan
that parasitize humans

A

Balantidium coli

135
Q

Balantidium coli is Common cause of infection on ___

136
Q

Definitive host of Balantidium coli

136
Q

Accidental host of Balantidium coli

137
Q

Habitat of Balantidium coli

A

large intestine

137
Q

Virulence factor of Balantidium coli

A

hyaluronidase

138
Q

Pathology of Balantidium coli:

A

⮚ Balantidiasis/ balantidial dysentery
⮚ Intestinal perforation
⮚ Colonic Ulcerations*

138
Q

an enzyme capable of digesting hyaluronic acid present
in the epithelial tissues causing ulcerations

A

hyaluronidase

139
Q

Diagnosis of Balantidium coli:

A
  • DFS
  • Pulmonary specimen wet preparations
  • Concentration Techniques
  • Biopsy
139
Q

shape of Balantidium coli cyst

A

Spherical or oval

140
Q

Size of Balantidium coli cyst

A

50 – 70um x 50-55um

140
Q

size of Balantidium coli trophozoite

A

50–100 μm x 40–70 μm

141
Q

shape of Balantidium coli trophozoite

A

Ovoid with tapering anterior end

141
Q

motility of of Balantidium coli trophozoite

A

Motile Ciliates: rotary, boring; may
be rapid

142
Q

in older cysts,
internal structure appears granular;

A

Balantidium coli cyst

142
Q

Macronucleus and contractile vacuole are
visible in young cysts

A

Balantidium coli cyst

143
Q

Body covered with cilia, which tend to be longer near cytostome; cytoplasm may be vacuolated

A

Balantidium coli trophozoite

143
Q

cilia difficult to see within the cyst wall

A

Balantidium coli cyst

Parasitology Lab (7 decks)

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