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Parasitology Lab > Laboratory Safety and Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal > Flashcards

Laboratory Safety and Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal Flashcards

1
Q

Potential Risks in the lab

A
  • Ingestion of eggs/ova
  • skin penetration of infective larva
  • infection of non-parasitic agents
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2
Q

Keep the work areas ________

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

uncluttered

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3
Q

Always wash your hands with __________ when you enter and leave the laboratory.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

soap and water

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4
Q

Always wear your laboratory coat when in the laboratory and remove it when leaving; laboratory coats and personal clothing should ______ in the same locker.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

not be stored

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5
Q

Always wear _______ when handling potentially dangerous biological or chemical substances.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

gloves

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6
Q

Are sandas allowed?

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

No

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6
Q

Wear ______ for protection against splashes, sprays and UV protection.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

safety glasses

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7
Q

Handle toxic substances (e.g formalin) under a _____

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

safety hood

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8
Q

Unequivocally ____ all preparations and samples to be analyzed

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

label

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9
Q

Dispose of all ______ appropriately and safely

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

waste

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10
Q

_______ and _______ the work area at the beginning and end of each laboratory session

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

Clean
disinfect

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11
Q

________ of the laboratory clipboard/notepad/pen/pencil used for they are potentially contaminated

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

Do not take out

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12
Q

Do not store _______ in the laboratory

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

Food and Drinks

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13
Q

Do not eat and/or drink in the laboratory, nor bring hands or other objects (e.g. pencils, make-up, contact lenses) to your _________ or _______.

Basic Laboratory Rules

A

mouth or
eyes

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14
Q

Fixed stool specimens in _______ MAY STILL BE
INFECTIOUS

A

formalin

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15
Q

________ can still develop and are infectious even if preserved in formalin

A

Ascaris eggs

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16
Q

Timing: Blood should be collected _______ treatment is initiated

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

before

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17
Q

________ exhibit periodicity

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

Microfilariae

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18
Q

When ________ and ________ are suspected, blood smears should
be examined without delay

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

Malaria and babesiosis

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19
Q

What type of blood sample is used?

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

Venous blood or capillary blood

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20
Q

Fecal specimen is best collected in clean, wide-mouthed containers made of _________ or ________ with a tight-fitting lid to ensure retention of moisture and to prevent accidental spillage

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A

waxed cardboard or
plastic

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21
Q

Fecal specimen should be submitted with the following information:

Specimen Collection, Handling and Disposal

A
  1. patient’s name
  2. age
  3. sex
  4. date/time of collection
  5. requesting physician
  6. requested procedure
  7. presumptive diagnosis
  8. prior infections
  9. travel history
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22
Q

Intake of drugs/medicinal substances that can affect specimen:

A

▪ antacids
▪ anti-diarrheals
▪ barium
▪ bismuth
▪ Laxatives

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23
Q

This usually decreases the number of protozoans for several weeks

A

Intake of antibiotics

24
Q

In routine stool examination, what size for formed stool?

A

thumb-sized specimen

24
Q

Amount of stool to be collected dictated by the _________ that will be used

A

techniques

25
Q

In routine stool examination, what size for watery stool?

A

5 to 6 tablespoons

26
Q

Contamination with toilet water, urine, or soil must be prevented because it can destroy ________.

A

protozoan trophozoites

27
Q

Contamination with toilet water, urine, or soil must be prevented because it may contain _______ that would complicate diagnosis of infections

A

free-living organisms

28
Q

Age of the stool sample is very important for _________.

A

diarrheic specimens

29
Q

trophozoites are likely to die within ________ after passage

A

30 minutes to 1 hour

30
Q

Delay in examination of specimens
may require ________ to ensure that parasites are present in
the identifiable stage

A

preservation

31
Q

What is the acceptable temperature in the temporary storage of fecal samples.

A

3-5°C

32
Q

prolonged refrigeration can
bring about ________

A

desiccation

33
Q

_________ are killed by refrigeration

A

trophozoites

34
Q

What are usually not damaged in refrigeration?

A

helminth eggs and protozoan cysts

35
Q

never freeze _______

A

stool samples

36
Q

never keep stool samples in ______

A

incubators

37
Q

an all-purpose fixative

Stool Preservatives

A

Formalin

38
Q

Formalin concentration recommended for protozoan cysts

Stool Preservatives

A

5% concentration

39
Q

Formalin concentration recommended for helminth eggs and larvae

Stool Preservatives

A

10% concentration

40
Q

Formalin may be buffered with _________ to preserve the morphological characteristics of the organisms

Stool Preservatives

A

sodium phosphate

41
Q

preserved stool can be concentrated using ________.

Stool Preservatives

A

formalin-ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT)

42
Q

used to preserve fresh stool in preparation for staining the stool smears

Stool Preservatives

A

Schaudinn’s solution

43
Q

Schaudinn’s solution contains __________ (highly toxic to humans; problems of mercury disposal may arise)

Stool Preservatives

A

mercuric chloride

44
Q

a plastic resin which serves to adhere a stool sample onto a slide

Stool Preservatives

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

45
Q

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is normally incorporated into the _________

Stool Preservatives

A

Schaudinn’s solution

(actual fixation is done by the Schaudinn’s)

46
Q

main advantageof Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): related to the preservation of protozoan cysts
and trophozoites for ________

Stool Preservatives

A

permanent staining

47
Q

stools preserved in PVA can be concentrated using _______ and
can be shipped to any laboratory for further examination

Stool Preservatives

A

FECT

48
Q

drawback of PVA: use of __________

Stool Preservatives

A

mercuric chloride

49
Q

useful for the fixation of intestinal protozoans, helminth eggs,
and larvae

Stool Preservatives

A

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF)

50
Q

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF) contains ___________ and _________ which
act as staining components

Stool Preservatives

A

merthiolate (also called thimerosal) and iodine

51
Q

In Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF), ______ acts as the preservative

Stool Preservatives

A

formalin

52
Q

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF) is useful for the fixation of _________, ___________ and __________.

Stool Preservatives

A

intestinal protozoans, helminth eggs,
and larvae

53
Q

has the advantage of not containing mercuric chloride

Stool Preservatives

A

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

54
Q

Images of organisms fixed in SAF - after staining compared with those fixed in PVA or Schaudinn’s solution.

Stool Preservatives

A

not as sharp

55
Q

a liquid fixative with a long shelf-life

Stool Preservatives

A

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

56
Q

After processing fresh stool sample discard all used consumables (e.g. applicator sticks, slides) in a ___________.

A

container with bleach solution

57
Q

After processing fresh stool sample, the remaining unprocessed fresh samples may be preserved or
discarded in a ________

A

yellow waste container

(stool must be tightly sealed inside the pilot container)

Parasitology Lab (7 decks)

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