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PARA 2 (FINALS) > PROTOZOA (Apicomplexa) > Flashcards

PROTOZOA (Apicomplexa) Flashcards

1
Q

No definite locomotory organelle (no flagella, pseudopodia but has schizogony and sporogony cycle)

A

Apicomplexa

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2
Q

Blood-borne and arthropod transmitted parasite

A

Apicomplexa

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3
Q

Most common Apicomplexa worldwide

A

P. vivax

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4
Q

Intermediate host of Apicomplexa

A

Man

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5
Q

Apicomplexa
Infective stage:

A

Sporozoite

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6
Q

Apicomplexa
Definitive Host

A

Mosquito (vector)

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7
Q

Mosquito
Infective stage:

A

Gametocyte

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8
Q

Has rings

A

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium falciparum

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9
Q

Plasmodium vivax
Trophozoite:

A

amoeboid; deforms the erythrocyte

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10
Q

Plasmodium vivax
Schizonts:

A

12-24 merozoites (will infect RBC)

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11
Q

Plasmodium vivax
Gametocyte:

A

Round-oval

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12
Q

Plasmodium ovale
Trophozoite:

A

compact

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13
Q

Plasmodium ovale
Schizonts:

A

6-14 merozoites. Dark pigment (rosettes)

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14
Q

Plasmodium ovale
Gametocyte:

A

Round-oval

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15
Q

use peripheral blood smear

A

Differential count – Plasmodium malariae

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16
Q

Plasmodium falciparum
Has rings:

A

double chromatin dots; accole forms; multiple infections in same red cell

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17
Q

Plasmodium falciparum
Trophozoite:

A

compact (rarely seen in peripheral blood)

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18
Q

Plasmodium falciparum
Gametocyte:

A

mature (M) and Immature form (I) (the immature form is rarely seen in peripheral blood)

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19
Q

Plasmodium falciparum
Schizonts:

A

8-24 merozoites (rarely seen in peripheral blood)

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20
Q

Plasmodium falcifarum
RBC inclusion:

A

Mauer’s Dots

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21
Q

Plasmodium vivax
RBC Inclusion:

A

Shuffner’s granules/Dot

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22
Q

Plasmodium malariae
RBC Inclusion:

A

Zieman’s dots

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23
Q

Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium knowlesi
RBC Inclusion:

A

Shuffner’s/James’ dots

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24
Q

Resistant to P. falciparum

A

Sickle cell trait

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25
Q

Seen in P. vivax and P. ovale

A

Relapse

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26
Q

Resistant to P. vivax

A

Duffy Negative (Fy (a-,b-)

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27
Q

P. falciparum
RBC preference:

A

All sizes

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28
Q

RBC preference: Reticulocyte/Young (Increase in RBC/Swell)

A

P. vivax
P. ovale

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29
Q

RBC preference: Senescent/Old (Decrease/ Shrink)

A

P. malariae

30
Q

Hypnozoite: Absent

A

P. falciparum
P. malariae

31
Q

Hypnozoite: Present

A

P. vivax
P. ovale

32
Q

All stages in PBS

A

P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale

33
Q

Stages in PBS: Gametocyte, Ring form, Trophozoite

A

P. falciparum

34
Q

Microgametocyte: Spherical, pale blue cytoplasm

A

P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale

35
Q

Spherical deep blue cytoplasm

A

Macrogametocyte

36
Q

for rapid diagnosis, must be hemoglobinized prior to staining

A

Thick smear

37
Q

used for identification of species, fix it by alcohol prior to staining

A

Thin smear

38
Q

ex. stain used for thin smear

A

o Giemsa stain
o Wright’s
o Hematoxylin

39
Q

fixation is no longer necessary since it contains alcohol

A

Wright’s

40
Q

must be dehemoglobinized using 3% formalin with 1% acetic acid

A

Hematoxylin

41
Q

For demonstration of malaria, blood should be collected during the peak of fever

A

paroxysm

42
Q

chilling, high temperature, profuse sweating

A

paroxysm

43
Q

 Rule: Smear for suspicion and another smear after out of fever
 Smears should be done before antimalarial treatment

A

Thin smear

44
Q

commonly used stain when we examine malarial specimen

A

Giemsa

45
Q

Buffered (H2O) + Fixed in Methanol

A

Giemsa

46
Q

No fixation needed: Alcohol

A

Leishman Stain

47
Q

hematocrit -> buffy coat

A

Quantitative buffy coat method

48
Q

dipstick test for simple or rapid examination for P. falciparum

A

Para-sight F. test

49
Q

IHA, IFAT, ELISA. Cannot determine current or previous infection, used only in epidemiological studies

A

Serological

50
Q

MOT of malaria

A

bite
blood transfusion and transplacental transmission

51
Q

Cryptozoite developed when they are on hepatic cell (liver); extracellular infection
 infect red blood cell; intracellular infection  trophozoite (ring form) earliest form after the invasion of rbc (ruby ring/signet stage); vegetative stage containing 1 nucleus and develop within RBC  Schizonts a trophozoite in which the nucleus are divided  merozoites found inside the RBC, many schizonts  Hypnozoites dormant stage that persist in liver cells (P. vivax, P. ovale)  gametocytes (micro and macro)  can suck blood

A

Immature

52
Q

developed when they are on hepatic cell (liver); extracellular infection -> infect red blood cell; intracellular infection

A

Cryptozoite

53
Q

(ring form) earliest form after the invasion of rbc (ruby ring/signet stage); vegetative stage containing 1 nucleus and develop within RBC

A

trophozoite

54
Q

a trophozoite in which the nucleus are divided -> merozoites found inside the RBC, many schizonts

A

Schizonts

55
Q

dormant stage that persist in liver cells (P. vivax, P. ovale)

A

Hypnozoites

56
Q

(micro and macro) -> can suck blood

A

gametocytes

57
Q

*happens inside the body of mosquito

A

Mature

58
Q

(cell resulting from the union of male and female gametocyte)

A

Gametes -> zygote

59
Q

(motile zygote)

A

ookinetes

60
Q

(encysted form of ookinetes)

A

oocyst

61
Q

(oocyst in which the sporozoite will develop)

A

sporocyst

62
Q

infect the salivary gland of mosquito -> human

A

sporozoite

63
Q

happens inside the human body, known as the asexual cycle (no union of gametocyte inside the body of human)

A

Schizogony

64
Q

develop in mosquito, sexual cycle (union of micro and macro gametocyte)

A

Sporogony

65
Q

Due to tick bites (pulgas/Exodes)

A

Babesia microti

66
Q

four trophozoite attached with maltese cross appearance

A

Merozoite

67
Q

similar to malarial parasite and can be mistaken from ring forms of P. falciparum

A

Intraerythrocytic parasite transmitted by bites

68
Q

Can be transmitted also via transfusion

A

Babesia microti

69
Q

Disease associated in Babesia microti

A

Babesiosis, Piroplasmosis caused hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hepatomegaly (after 1-2 weeks of onset), fever

70
Q

lacks blood pigment in the ischizenic
stage
No large growing trophozoite and gametocyte. Many ring form (4-5)
Smaller rings than malaria trophozoite is pear shaped

A

B. microti in ring forms

PARA 2 (FINALS) (10 decks)

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