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PARA 2 (FINALS) > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

 Flat and ribbon like bodies
 It does not have body cavity or alimentary tract
 It has excretory, nervous and reproductive system

A

CESTODES

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2
Q

Forms of Cestodes

A

Adult, one or more larva, and ova

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3
Q

All have hexacanth (inside the ova) embryo except:

A

E. granulosus (contains hydatid cyst)

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4
Q

All are heteroxenous, except:

A

H. nana

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5
Q

All are under Cyclophyllidea, except:

A

D. latum (under pseudophyllidean)

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6
Q

has hexacanth, sucker/rostellum (apical protrusion) - hooklets for some

A

Anterior

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7
Q

organ of attachment/adapted

A

Head (Scolex)

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8
Q

germinal tissues for reproductive organs; region of growth, budding zone

A

Neck

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9
Q

segments/proglottids

A

Trunk (Strobila)

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10
Q

no contents just tissues

A

Immature segment

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11
Q

reproductive organs

A

Mature proglottid

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12
Q

contains eggs/ova

A

Ripe/Gravid proglottid

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13
Q

most commonly used to identify tapeworms
- eggs, occasional gravid proglottid and rare scolex after treatment

A

Stool

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14
Q

For Echinococcus granulosus (can be seen on tissue)

A

Biopsy

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15
Q

ELISA  uses blood/serum  agglutination (antigen-antibody reaction)

A

Serological test

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16
Q

High recovery for cestode’s ova

A

Perianal swab

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17
Q

Adult Worm in intestines (small)
(Definitive Host)

A

D. latum
T. solium
T. saginata
H. nana
H. diminuta

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18
Q

Larval Stage in Man
(Accidental Intermediate Host)

A

D. latum (spaganosis)
T. solium
Echinococcus granulosus

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19
Q

for attachment in the intestinal mucosa

A

Four cup shaped structure (suckers)

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20
Q

produce hooks, fleshy hooks or apical protrusion

A

Rostellum

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21
Q

Treatments for tapeworms

A

removing the scolex in the intestinal mucosa

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22
Q

globular scolex with hooklets

A

T. solium

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23
Q

retractile globular scolex with Y shape rostellum

A

H. nana

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24
Q

prominent conical rostellum with protrusion

A

D. caninum

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25
Q

globular scolex with hooklets

A

E. granulosus

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26
Q

almond/spatulated/spoon shape

A

D. latum

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27
Q

globular scolex without hooklets (small rostellum only)

A

T. saginata

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28
Q

scolex without hooklets rudimentary (undeveloped) apical rostellum

A

H. diminuta

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29
Q

 Region of growth for strobila
 Budding zone where segments originates Trunk (Strobila)

A

Neck

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30
Q

Chain of proglottids or segments

A

Young/Immature, Mature, Gravid/Ripe

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31
Q

Mature segment

A

Hermaphroditic segments

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32
Q

gravid segments

A

Uterus filled eggs

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33
Q

(Gravid Segment) Broader than long

A

D. latum

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34
Q

(Mature Segment) No distinct

A

D. latum

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35
Q

(Gravid Segment) Longer than broad

A

T. solium
T. saginata

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36
Q

(Mature Segment) 100-200 follicular testes

A

T. solium

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37
Q

(Mature Segment) 300-400 follicular testes

A

T. saginata

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38
Q

(Gravid Segment) Saccular uterus

A

H. nana and diminuta

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39
Q

(Mature Segment) 3 testes and 1 ovary

A

H. nana and diminuta

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40
Q

(Gravid Segment) Coiled/Loosely twisted with midline lateral evagination

A

E. granulosus

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41
Q

(Mature Segment) 1 set of reproductive structure

A

E. granulosus

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42
Q

Broad fish Tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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43
Q

Russian Broad Tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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44
Q

Only cestode to infect man

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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45
Q

a pseudophyllidean

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

46
Q

May cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Megaloblastic anemia)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

47
Q

Scolex:
With 2 false cuplike suckers or sucking grooves (bothria); almond shape or spatulate or spoon shaped

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

48
Q

Proglottid:
Wider than they are ling; Rosette gravid proglottid (central uterine) ovary

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

49
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s Ova
Shape:

A

Somewhat oblong

50
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s Ova
Embryo:

A

Undeveloped, termed coracidium

51
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s Ova
Shell:

A

Smooth, yellow-brown in color

52
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s Ova
Other features:

A

Operculum on one end, terminal knob an opposite end

53
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s
Size range:

A

55-75um long; 40-55um wide

54
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s
Definitive Host:

A

Man

55
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s
Intermediate Host:

A

Fresh water crustaceans

56
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s (1st IH)

A

Copepods/Cyclops

57
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s (2nd IH)

A

Fresh water fishes (ie. Pile, eel, trout) (2nd IH is usually a smaller fish that is ingested by a larger fish)

58
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum’s
Infective stage to
o Man:
o 2nd IH:
o 1st IH:

A

o Man: Plerocercoid (2nd larval stage)
o 2nd IH: Plerocercoid
o 1st IH: Procercoid

59
Q

not infective

A

1st larval stage is called procercoid

60
Q

Armed tapeworm/Pork tapeworm

A

T. solium

61
Q

Unarmed tapeworm/Beef tapeworm

A

T. saginata

62
Q

T. solium and T. saginata
Definitive Host:

A

Man

63
Q

T. solium’s
Intermediate Host:

A

Pork/Swine

64
Q

T. saginata’s
Intermediate Host:

A

Cattles/Cow

65
Q

T. solium’s
Infective stage:

A

Cysticercus cellulosae; egg

66
Q

T. saginata’s
Infective stage:

A

Cysticercus bovis

67
Q

T. solium’s Length

A

2-3m

68
Q

T. saginata’s Length

A

5-10m

69
Q

Scolex:
Small and globular, Rostellum with hooks (Double Crown)

A

T. solium

70
Q

Scolex:
Large globular, Without rostellum nor hooks

A

T. saginata

71
Q

Proglottid or Segment:
<1000

A

T. solium

72
Q

Proglottid or Segment:
1,000-2,000

A

T. saginata

73
Q

(natural detachment of gravid proglottid from the main body)

A

apolysis

74
Q

Uterus (Lateral branches) Stain:
Square: 7-15 thick and dendritic on each side

A

T. solium

75
Q

Uterus (Lateral branches) Stain:
Rectangular; 15-30 thin and dichotomous on each side

A

T. saginata

76
Q

have Vaginal Sphincter

A

T. saginata

77
Q

Seen on mature segment of T.solium

A

Accessory ovarian lobe

78
Q

T. solium and T. saginata’s Ova
Average size:

A

28-40 um by 18-30 um

79
Q

T. solium and T. saginata’s Ova
Hooklets:

A

Three pairs; hexacanth embryo

80
Q

T. solium and T. saginata’s Ova
Other features:

A

Radial striations on yellow brown embryophore

81
Q

Also known as Rat Tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

82
Q

Scolex:
With four suckers, small (rudimentary) apical rostellum without hooks

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

83
Q

Proglottid:
Rectangular; Saclike uterus filled with eggs; often difficult to see

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

84
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta’s Ova
Average size:

A

55 by 85 um

85
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta’s Ova
Hooklets:

A

Three pairs; hexacanth embryo

86
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta’s Ova
Polar thickenings:

A

Present

87
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta’s Ova
Polar filaments:

A

Absent

88
Q

Hymenolepis nana and diminuta’s Ova
Embyrophore:

A

Present; colorless

89
Q

Also known as Dwarf Tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

90
Q

 Smallest cestode to infect human intestine; deadliest and can migrate to the brain because of its size
 Most common cestode in humans

A

Hymenolepis nana

91
Q

Scolex:
With four suckers, small rostellum with one row of hooks

A

Hymenolepis nana

92
Q

Proglottid:
Rectangular; Saclike uterus filled with eggs

A

Hymenolepis nana

93
Q

Hymenolepis nana’s Ova
Average size:

A

45 by 38 um

94
Q

Hymenolepis nana’s Ova
Hooklets:

A

Three pairs; hexacanth embryo

95
Q

Hymenolepis nana’s Ova
Polar thickenings:

A

Present

96
Q

Hymenolepis nana’s Ova
Polar filaments:

A

Present

97
Q

Also known as Dog or Cat tapeworm or Pumpkin seed Tapeworm or Double pored Tapeworm

A

Dipylidium caninum

98
Q

Infective stage of Dipylidium caninum

A

Cysticercoid larva

99
Q

Infective stage to man in H. diminuta

A

Cysticercoid larva

100
Q

Scolex:
With four suckers, club shaped armed rostellum with up to seven circlets

A

Dipylidium caninum

101
Q

Pumpkin seed mature and gravid proglottid; two sets of reproductive organs (Vase-shape appearance)

A

Dipylidium caninum

102
Q

Dipylidium caninum’s Ova
Number of eggs in enclosed packet:

A

5-30

103
Q

Dipylidium caninum’s Ova
Diameter range per egg:

A

30-60um

104
Q

Dipylidium caninum’s Ova
Individual egg features:

A

Six hooked oncosphere

105
Q

Also known as Dog tapeworm or Hydatid Tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

106
Q

Echinococcus granulosus
Definitive Host:

A

Dogs

107
Q

Echinococcus granulosus
Intermediate Host:

A

Sheep and Man (Man is the accidental intermediate host) - Sparganosis

108
Q

highly antigen that may lead to anaphylactic shock

A

Hydatid Cyst fluid

109
Q

skin test for E. granulosus

A

Casoni Test

110
Q

Infective stage of man of E. granulosus:

A

Hydatid cysts

111
Q

Scolex, small neck, and three proglottids, one at each developmental stage, With twisted or coiled uterus

A

Adult Echinococcus granulosus

112
Q

Indistinguishable to Taenia eggs, cannot be recovered in human

A

Ova Echinococcus granulosus

PARA 2 (FINALS) (10 decks)

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