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Clinical Micro > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Motile form of protozoa

A

Trophozoite

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2
Q

Form that protozoa takes when exposed to new environments such as temperature changes down the intestinal tract. The protozoa can secrete a protective coat and shrink into this round armored form

A

Cyst

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3
Q

What are the five intestinal protozoa that cause diarrhea?

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Giardia lamblia
  3. Cyclosporancayetanesis
  4. Cryptosporidium
  5. Isospora belli
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4
Q

Clinical manifestation of entamoeba histolytica

A

Usually asymptomatic
Can cause bloody diarrhea (10%)
Can cause liver abscess

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5
Q

Who are commonly asymptomatic carriers of entamoeba histolytica

A

Homosexual men

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6
Q

Most sensitive diagnostic test for entamoeba histolytica

A

Antigen detection from stool or serum

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7
Q

What is metronidazole (flagyl) used for

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Bacteroides fragilis
C. Diff
Gardnerella vaginalis

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8
Q

How many us adults are estimated to carry giardia asymptomatically?

A

5%

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9
Q

Describe giardia stools

A

Packed with fat
Smell horrible
Greasy, frothy diarrhea

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10
Q

Is there blood in the stool with the giardia infection?

A

No

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11
Q

Diagnosis of giardia

A

Examination of stool for cysts or trophozoites

Immunoassay to detect giardia antigens in stool

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12
Q

Protozoa that causes severe protracted diarrhea that is life threatening in people with AIDS, cancer patients, or organ transplant recipients that are receiving immunosuppressive therapy

A

Cryptosporidium

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13
Q

Treatment for cryptosporidium in immunocompromised patients

A

No specific treatment for protozoa but goal to restore immunity (ie antiretroviral treatment AIDS pts)

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14
Q

Protozoa that’s been associated with outbreaks from contaminated raspberries

A

Cyclospora

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15
Q

Protozoa that are acid fast and cause diarrhea and immunocompromised individuals

A

Isospora and cyclospora

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16
Q

How to treat isospora and cyclospora

A

Tmp-smp

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17
Q

Protozoa that is sexually transmitted

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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18
Q

Test for trichomonas vaginalis

A

Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge on a wet mount

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19
Q

Symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

A

Itching
Burning urination
Vaginal secretion

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20
Q

Treatment for Trachomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

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21
Q

What are the protozoas that can cause meningitis and be life-threatening? They live in freshwater lakes

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba
Balamuthia mandrillaris

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22
Q

This protozoa will kill 95% of patients it infects within 1 week

A

Naegleria fowleri

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23
Q

Responsible for chronic granulomatous, brain infection in immunocompromised patients

A

Acanthamoeba

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24
Q

Protozoa that causes corneal infection of contact lenses not cleaned properly

A

Acanthamoeba

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25
Q

Causes acute meningoencephalitis in normal hosts about a week after swimming

26
Q

The protozoa looks almost identical to bacterial meningitis, but no bacteria in gram stain and may see motile aoemoba

27
Q

Protozoa causes chronic meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised hosts

A

Acanthamoeba

28
Q

This protozoa causes chronic meningoencephalitis in normal and immunocompromised hosts

A

balamuthia mandrillaris

29
Q

This protozoa is found causes granulomatous skin lesions

A

balamuthia mandrillaris

30
Q

Major protozoan infections in AIDS patients

A

Cryptosporidium
Isospora
Toxoplasma Gondii
Pneumocystis jiroveci (now a fungi)

31
Q

Transmission of toxoplasma gondii

A

Ingestion of cysts from undercooked pork or food contaminated with cat feces

Transplacentally

32
Q

Who is susceptible to growth of latent toxoplasma Gondii?

A

AIDS
Immunosuppressive drugs

33
Q

Most common CNS infection in AIDS patients

A

Toxoplasma encephalitis

34
Q

Common clinical manifestations of TOxoplasmosis (if symptomatic)

A
  • fever, swollen lymph nodes, liver and spleen enlargement, pneumo
  • meningitis/ brain infection with growing mass in brain
  • retinal infection resulting in vision loss
35
Q

When does congenital toxoplasmosis occur?

A

Pregnant woman who had never been previously exposed to toxoplasma is infected

36
Q

Complications of congenital toxoplasmosis

A

Chorioretinitis and blindness
Seizures
Mental retardation
Microcephaly
Encephalitis
Stillbirth

37
Q

Dx toxoplasmosis

A

Ct scan of brain- mass
Retinal inflammation
Serology elevated immunoglobulin

38
Q

85% of children have had a mild or asymptomatic respiratory illness with this organism by age 4

A

Pneumocystis jirovechii

39
Q

Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

A

Pneumocystis jirovechii pneumonia

40
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for PCP in AIDS patients

41
Q

What is the genus of malaria

A

Plasmodium

42
Q

Transmission of malaria

43
Q

What organ does malaria protozoa replicate in?

44
Q

Clinical manifestation malaria

A

Cyclical fevers and anemia

45
Q

Plasmodium that can continuously reproduce in liver and cause relapsing disease

A

Plasmodium vivax and ovale

46
Q

Plasmodium with severe manifestations

A

Plasmodium falcilarim and knowlesi

47
Q

Cells plasmodium infects and bursts from

A

Red blood cells

48
Q

Dx malaria

A

Microscopy- direct examination trophozoites in blood

Rapid antigen tests

49
Q

Tickborne protozoa that is found in red blood cells

A

Babesiosia

50
Q

What tick spreads Lyme disease and babesiosis?

A

Ixodes scapularis

51
Q

Most common clinical manifestation babesiosis

A

Asymptomatic or subclinical

52
Q

Who may have a severe infection with babesiosis?

A

Aspleenic patients

53
Q

Transmission leishmaniasis

A

Bite of sandfly

54
Q

What type of organism is leishmania?

55
Q

What arm of the immune system controls the severity of leishmanis infections? What disease does that resemble?

A

Cell mediated
Resembles leprosy, which is also controlled by cell mediated immunity

56
Q

What cells does leishmania invade?

A

Phagocytes

57
Q

What are the types of leishmania?

A

Cutaneous leishmania
Muccocutaneous leishmania
Visceral leishmania

58
Q

Agent for African sleeping sickness

A

Protozoa trypanosoma brucei

59
Q

Agent of Chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

60
Q

Vector for African sleeping sickness

A

Tsetse fly

61
Q

Reservoir for Chagas disease

A

Rodents, opossums, armadillos

62
Q

Vector Chagas disease

A

Kidding but, reduviid bug

Clinical Micro (12 decks)

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