Protozoa

Question 1

Motile form of protozoa

Answer 1

Trophozoite

Question 2

Form that protozoa takes when exposed to new environments such as temperature changes down the intestinal tract. The protozoa can secrete a protective coat and shrink into this round armored form

Answer 2

Cyst

Question 3

What are the five intestinal protozoa that cause diarrhea?

Answer 3

1. Entamoeba histolytica
2. Giardia lamblia
3. Cyclosporancayetanesis
4. Cryptosporidium
5. Isospora belli

Question 4

Clinical manifestation of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 4

Usually asymptomatic
Can cause bloody diarrhea (10%)
Can cause liver abscess

Question 5

Who are commonly asymptomatic carriers of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 5

Homosexual men

Question 6

Most sensitive diagnostic test for entamoeba histolytica

Answer 6

Antigen detection from stool or serum

Question 7

What is metronidazole (flagyl) used for

Answer 7

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Bacteroides fragilis
C. Diff
Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 8

How many us adults are estimated to carry giardia asymptomatically?

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

Describe giardia stools

Answer 9

Packed with fat
Smell horrible
Greasy, frothy diarrhea

Question 10

Is there blood in the stool with the giardia infection?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Diagnosis of giardia

Answer 11

Examination of stool for cysts or trophozoites

Immunoassay to detect giardia antigens in stool

Question 12

Protozoa that causes severe protracted diarrhea that is life threatening in people with AIDS, cancer patients, or organ transplant recipients that are receiving immunosuppressive therapy

Answer 12

Cryptosporidium

Question 13

Treatment for cryptosporidium in immunocompromised patients

Answer 13

No specific treatment for protozoa but goal to restore immunity (ie antiretroviral treatment AIDS pts)

Question 14

Protozoa that’s been associated with outbreaks from contaminated raspberries

Answer 14

Cyclospora

Question 15

Protozoa that are acid fast and cause diarrhea and immunocompromised individuals

Answer 15

Isospora and cyclospora

Question 16

How to treat isospora and cyclospora

Answer 16

Tmp-smp

Question 17

Protozoa that is sexually transmitted

Answer 17

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 18

Test for trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 18

Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge on a wet mount

Question 19

Symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 19

Itching
Burning urination
Vaginal secretion

Question 20

Treatment for Trachomonas vaginalis

Answer 20

Metronidazole

Question 21

What are the protozoas that can cause meningitis and be life-threatening? They live in freshwater lakes

Answer 21

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba
Balamuthia mandrillaris

Question 22

This protozoa will kill 95% of patients it infects within 1 week

Answer 22

Naegleria fowleri

Question 23

Responsible for chronic granulomatous, brain infection in immunocompromised patients

Answer 23

Acanthamoeba

Question 24

Protozoa that causes corneal infection of contact lenses not cleaned properly

Answer 24

Acanthamoeba

Question 25

Causes acute meningoencephalitis in normal hosts about a week after swimming

Answer 25

Naegleria

Question 26

The protozoa looks almost identical to bacterial meningitis, but no bacteria in gram stain and may see motile aoemoba

Question 27

Protozoa causes chronic meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised hosts

Answer 27

Acanthamoeba

Question 28

This protozoa causes chronic meningoencephalitis in normal and immunocompromised hosts

Answer 28

balamuthia mandrillaris

Question 29

This protozoa is found causes granulomatous skin lesions

Answer 29

balamuthia mandrillaris

Question 30

Major protozoan infections in AIDS patients

Answer 30

Cryptosporidium Isospora Toxoplasma Gondii Pneumocystis jiroveci (now a fungi)

Question 31

Transmission of toxoplasma gondii

Answer 31

Ingestion of cysts from undercooked pork or food contaminated with cat feces Transplacentally

Question 32

Who is susceptible to growth of latent toxoplasma Gondii?

Answer 32

AIDS Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 33

Most common CNS infection in AIDS patients

Answer 33

Toxoplasma encephalitis

Question 34

Common clinical manifestations of TOxoplasmosis (if symptomatic)

Answer 34

- fever, swollen lymph nodes, liver and spleen enlargement, pneumo - meningitis/ brain infection with growing mass in brain - retinal infection resulting in vision loss

Question 35

When does congenital toxoplasmosis occur?

Answer 35

Pregnant woman who had never been previously exposed to toxoplasma is infected

Question 36

Complications of congenital toxoplasmosis

Answer 36

Chorioretinitis and blindness Seizures Mental retardation Microcephaly Encephalitis Stillbirth

Question 37

Dx toxoplasmosis

Answer 37

Ct scan of brain- mass Retinal inflammation Serology elevated immunoglobulin

Question 38

85% of children have had a mild or asymptomatic respiratory illness with this organism by age 4

Answer 38

Pneumocystis jirovechii

Question 39

Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

Answer 39

Pneumocystis jirovechii pneumonia

Question 40

What is the prophylactic treatment for PCP in AIDS patients

Answer 40

Tmp-smp

Question 41

What is the genus of malaria

Answer 41

Plasmodium

Question 42

Transmission of malaria

Answer 42

Mosquito

Question 43

What organ does malaria protozoa replicate in?

Answer 43

Liver

Question 44

Clinical manifestation malaria

Answer 44

Cyclical fevers and anemia

Question 45

Plasmodium that can continuously reproduce in liver and cause relapsing disease

Answer 45

Plasmodium vivax and ovale

Question 46

Plasmodium with severe manifestations

Answer 46

Plasmodium falcilarim and knowlesi

Question 47

Cells plasmodium infects and bursts from

Answer 47

Red blood cells

Question 48

Dx malaria

Answer 48

Microscopy- direct examination trophozoites in blood Rapid antigen tests

Question 49

Tickborne protozoa that is found in red blood cells

Answer 49

Babesiosia

Question 50

What tick spreads Lyme disease and babesiosis?

Answer 50

Ixodes scapularis

Question 51

Most common clinical manifestation babesiosis

Answer 51

Asymptomatic or subclinical

Question 52

Who may have a severe infection with babesiosis?

Answer 52

Aspleenic patients

Question 53

Transmission leishmaniasis

Answer 53

Bite of sandfly

Question 54

What type of organism is leishmania?

Answer 54

Protozoa

Question 55

What arm of the immune system controls the severity of leishmanis infections? What disease does that resemble?

Answer 55

Cell mediated Resembles leprosy, which is also controlled by cell mediated immunity

Question 56

What cells does leishmania invade?

Answer 56

Phagocytes

Question 57

What are the types of leishmania?

Answer 57

Cutaneous leishmania Muccocutaneous leishmania Visceral leishmania

Question 58

Agent for African sleeping sickness

Answer 58

Protozoa trypanosoma brucei

Question 59

Agent of Chagas disease

Answer 59

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 60

Vector for African sleeping sickness

Answer 60

Tsetse fly

Question 61

Reservoir for Chagas disease

Answer 61

Rodents, opossums, armadillos

Question 62

Vector Chagas disease

Answer 62

Kidding but, reduviid bug