Bacteria Flashcards
Gram stain process
1) crystal violet
2) iodine
3) alcohol
4) counter stain safranin
Characteristics of gram positive
Peptidoglycan, techoic acid
Characteristics gram negative
Lipid a endotoxin, lps, thin peptidoglycan layer, o specific side chain, porin channel
Are gram positive or gram negative resistant to penicillin?
Gram negative
Gram positive bacteria and shapes
Cocci chains: streptococcus and enterococcus
Clusters of cocci: staphylococcus
Spore forming rods: bacillus and clostridium
Non-spore forming rods: corynebacterium and listeria
Gram negative diplococci
Neisseria and moraxella
Gram negative spirals, example
Spirochete- Treponema pallidum
Acid fast
Mycobacterium, norcardia
Shape of most gram negative organisms
Rods
Gram positive obligate aerobes
Norcardia
Bacillus cereus
Gram positive facultative anaerobes
Staphylococcus
Bacillus anthracis
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Actionomyces
Gram positive Microaerophilic
Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Gram positive Obligate anaerobe
Clostridium
Gram negative obligate aerobe
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Bordetella
Legionella
Brucella
Gram negative facultative anaerobe
Most gram negative rods
Gram negative microaerophilic
Spirochetes (treponema, borrelia, leptospira) and campylobacter
Gram negative obligate anaerobe
Bacteroides
Acid fast obligate aerobe
Mycobacterium
Norcardia
No cell wall facultative aerobe
Mycoplasma
Obligate intracellular organisms, examples
Not capable of metabolic pathways for ATP so steal ATP from host
Chlamydia
Rikettsia
Purpose of pili, examples of bacteria with pili
Help with adhesion- gonorrhea (cervical cells), e coli and campy (gi) bordetella pertussis (resp)
Capsules, function, example
Gelatinous carb rich layers that surround dome bacteria, macrophages unable to phagocytosis encapsulated bacteria unless antibodies bound to capsule through opsonization, example strep
What is an endospore, what bacteria form endospores
Dormant forms of bacteria that are resistant to heat, cold, drying, and chemical agents
Bacillus and clostridium
Biofilm, example for catheters
Extracellular polysaccharide that forms scaffold around bacteria
Staph epidermis on IV catheters
Facultative intracellular organisms, definition and organism names
Can survive in macrophages and avoid phagocytosis
Listen Sally, your friend Bruce must leave now
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Salmonella typhi
- Yersinia
- Francisella tularensis
- Brucella
- Mycobacterium
- Legionella
- Norcardia
Endotoxin description
Lipid a, gram negative bacteria, when cell undergoes lysis
Exotoxon
Mostly gram positive, some gram negative
Process of septic shock
Bacteremia, tumor necrosis factor triggers release of cytokine interleukin-1 which triggers other cytokine and prostaglandins, vasodilation, drop in blood pressure, organ dysfunction
CAMP exotoxon producing bacteria
Cholera
Anthrax
Montezuma revenge (etec)
Pertussis
Transformation
Piece of DNA from dead bacteria taken into same species, similar live bacterial DNA. Example smooth and rough strep pneumo
Transduction
Bacteriophage (virus) carries piece of bacterial DNA from one bacteria to another
Conjugation
Bacterial sex
Transposon
Mobile genetic elements, carry genes for antibiotic resistance and virulence factors
