Antivirals Flashcards
Antivirals are virustatic or virucidal?
Virustatic
What are the anti herpes drugs
Acyclovir (all but CMV and EBV)
Famcixlovir and valacyclovir
Gangcyclovir
Foscarnet
Cidofovir
Indications of acyclovir
Severe cases HSV or varicella in immunocompetent
Herpes infections except EBV and CMV in immunocompromised
When are ganciclovir and valganciclovir indicated?
CMV in AIDS patients and prophy for bone marrow transplant patients against CMV
Indications for foscarnet
CMV retinitis
Acylcovir resistance
HIV treatment acronym
HAART
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
When should HIV patients receive antiretroviral therapy?
As soon as dx
How many drugs are in a standard highly Active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)?
4
What are the preferred HAART regimens);
Bictegravir/ emtricitabine/ tenofovir/ alafenamide
Dolutegravir/ tenofovir/ alafenamide/ emtricitabine
How do the following HIV antiretroviral drugs work? - CCR5 inhibitors
Black HIV binding to the ccr5 co receptor
How do the following HIV antiretroviral drugs work? - fusion inhibitors
Block HIV from fusing to anchor proteins in the host cell membrane
How do the following HIV antiretroviral drugs work? - nucleoside/ nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleiside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Black HIV from using reverse transcriptase enzyme to convert single stranded RNA into double stranded DNA
How do the following HIV antiretroviral drugs work? - integrase inhibitors
Black HIV from using integrase enzymes to insert viral DNA into the host DNA
How do the following HIV antiretroviral drugs work? - protease inhibitors
Black proteases that cleave long chains of HIV proteins into smaller HIV proteins that are packed together to form the new HIV virus
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor developed in 1987 that reduces mortality and opportunistic infections, delays progression to AIDS, and reduces maternal to infant transmission of HIV. However resistance develops
Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is the backbone of most combination therapy regimens and also helps to suppress Hepatitis B viral DNA replication
Lamivudine and emtricitabine
A nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is the first choice and has activity against hepatitis B it does have kidney and renal toxicity
Tenofovir
Naming convention for protease inhibitors for HIV
End in -navir
What are protease inhibitors associated with?
Metabolic abnormalities such as
Dyslipidemia
Insulin resistance
Lipodyatrophy
The last ditch HIV treatment due to neutropenia And need for injection
Fashion inhibitor - enfivietide
HIV treatment - these drugs are often a first choice when combined with tenofovir and emtricitabine
Integrase imhibitors
First line treatment for HIV, integrase inhibitors combined with emtricitabine and tenofovir
PEP for HIV exposurw
HIV PEP needlestick
4 wk course of 3+ drugs
Consult HIV specialist for drugs
Anti-flu drug given early in course of infection or as PEP during outbreak, but only works for influenza A
Amantadine
Class of influenza drugs that work for flu. A, flu B and pandemic strains
Neurominidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir)
Antiviral for RSV in infants and stem cell transplants, Lassa fever, and combination for Hep C
Ribavirin
