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316A > Prototype Drugs Exam 1 > Flashcards

Prototype Drugs Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha- and Beta- Adrenergic Agonist

A

Dopamine (Intropin)

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2
Q

Indications for Dopamine

A

Correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in shock.

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3
Q

Actions of Dopamine

A

Acts directly and by the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals; mediates dilation of vessels in the renal and splanchnic beds to maintain renal perfusion while stimulating the sympathetic response.

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4
Q

Pharmocokinetics of Dopamine

A

Route: IV
Onset: 1-2 min
Peak: 10 min
Duration: Length of infusion

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5
Q

Half-life of Dopamine

A

2 min; metabolized in the liver, excreted in the urine.

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6
Q

Adverse Effects of Dopamine

A

Tachycardia, ectopic beats, anginal pain, hypotension, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, headache.

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7
Q

Beta- specific adrenergic agonists

A

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

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8
Q

Indications for Isoproterenol

A

Management of bronchospasm during anesthesia; vasopressor during shock; adjunct in the management of cardiac standstill and arrest, as well as serious ventricular arrhythmias that require increased inotropic (contraction of the heart muscle) action.

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9
Q

Actions of isoproterenol

A

Acts on beta- adrenergic receptors to produce increased heart rate, positive inotropic effect, bronchodilation and vasodilation.

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10
Q

Pharmacokinetics of isoproterenol

A

Route: IV
Onset : immediate
Duration: 1-2 min

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11
Q

Half-life of isoproterenol

A

unknown; metabolized in the tissues

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12
Q

Adverse effects of isoproterenol

A

Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, respiratory difficulties, coughing, pulmonary edema, sweating, pallor.

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13
Q

Alpha- specific adrenergic agonist

A

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

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14
Q

Indications for phenylephrine

A

Treatment of vascular failure in shock or drug-induced hypotension; to overcome paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; to prolong spinal anesthesia; as a vasoconstrictor in regional anesthesia; to maintain blood pressure during anesthesia; topically for symptomatic relief of nasal congestion and as adjunctive therapy in middle ear infections; ophthalmically to dilate pupils and as a decongestant to provide temporary relief of eye irritation.

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15
Q

Actions of phenylephrine

A

Powerful postsynaptic alpha- adrenergic receptor stimulant causing vasoconstriction and raising systolic and diastolic blood pressure with little effect on the beta- receptors int the heart.

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16
Q

Pharmacokinetics of phenylephrine

A

Route: IV
Onset : immediate
Duration: 15 -20 min

Route: IM, SQ
Onset: 10-15 min
Duration: 30 -120 min

Route: topical
Onset: very little systemic absorption occurs

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17
Q

Half-life of phenylephrine

A

47 to 100 hours; metabolized in the tissues and liver; excreted in urine and bile.

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18
Q

Adverse effects of phenylephrine

A

Fear, anxiety, restlessness, headache, nausea, decreased urine formation, pallor

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19
Q

Nonselective adrenergic blocking agent

A

Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)

20
Q

Indications of labetalol

A

Hypertension, alone or in combination with other drugs; off-label uses– control of blood pressure in pheochromocytoma, clonidine-withdrawal hypertension.

21
Q

Actions of labetalol

A

Competitively blocks alpha- and beta- receptor sites in the sympathetic nervous system, leading to lower blood pressure without reflex tachycardia and decrease renin levels.

22
Q

Pharmacokinetics of labetalol

A

Route Oral IV
Onset. Varies. Immediate
Peak 1-2 h. 5 min
Duration 8-12h. 5.5 h

23
Q

Half-life of labetalol

A

6-8 hours, with hepatic metabolism and excretion in the urine.

24
Q

Adverse effects of labetalol

A

dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough, decreased exercise tolerance.

25
Q

Nonselective alpha- adrenergic blocking agents.

A

Phentolamine (Regitine)

26
Q

Indications for phentolamine

A

Prevention or control of hypertensive episodes associated with pheochromocytoma; prevention and treatment of dermal necrosis and sloughing associated with IV extravasation of norephinephrine or dopamine.

27
Q

Actions of phentolamine

A

Competitively blocks postsynaptic alpha 1 and presynaptic alpha 2 receptors, causing vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure, accompanied by increased reflex tachycardia.

28
Q

Pharmacokinetics of phentolamine

A

Route IM IV
Onset Rapid. Immediate
Peak 20 min. 2 min
Duration- 30-45 min. 15-30 min

29
Q

Half-life of phentolamine

A

Metabolism and excretion are unknown

30
Q

Adverse effects of phentolamine

A

Acute and prolonged hypotensive episodes, MI tachycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, flushing.

31
Q

Nonselective beta- adrenergic blocking agent

A

Propranolol (Inderal)

32
Q

Indications for propranolol

A

Treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, IHSS (idiopathic hypertropic subaortic stenosis), supraventricular tachycardia, tremor; prevention of reinfarction after MI; adjunctive therapy in pheochromocytoma; prophylaxis of migraine headache; management of situational anxiety.

33
Q

Actions of propranolol

A

competitively blocks beta- adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus; reduces vascular tone in the CNS.

34
Q

Pharmacokinetics of propranolol

A

Route : Oral IV
Onset : 20- 30 min Immediate
Peak : 60- 90 min 1 min
Duration : 6-12 h 4-6 h

35
Q

Half-life of propranolol

A

3-5 hours with hepatic metabolism and excretion in the urine.

36
Q

Adverse effects of propranolol

A

allergic reaction, bradycardia, CHF, cardiac arrhythmias, CVA, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, decreased exercise tolerances, bronchospasm

37
Q

Alpha 1 selective adrenergic blocking agent

A

Doxazosin

38
Q

Indications for doxazosin

A

treat HTN, and BPH

39
Q

action of doxazosin

A

blocks alpha 1 receptor sites causing vasodilation

40
Q

adverse effects doxazosin

A

dizziness, weakness, fatigue N/V, abdominal pain, diarrhea, edema, arrhythmias, hypotension, CHF, angina

41
Q

D2D interactions of doxazosin

A

vasodilators or antihypertensive drug

42
Q

beta 1 selective adrenergic blocking agents

A

atenolol

43
Q

indications for atenolol

A

control HTN in pts who smoke, have asthma, COPD, seasonal or allergic rhinitis. Used to treat HTN, angina and some cardiac arrhythmias

44
Q

Action of atenolol

A

blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors, decreasing the excitablity of the heart, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption; decreases renin release, which lowers blood pressure.

45
Q

Pharmo atenolol

A

Oral, IV route
varies, immediate onset
2-4 hr, 5 min peak
24hr duration

46
Q

Half-life atenolol

A

6-7 hr, excreted in the bile, feces and urine

47
Q

Adverse effects of atenolol

A

allergic rxn, dizziness, bradycardia, CHF, arrhythmias, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, bronchospasm, decreased exercise tolerance

316A (9 decks)

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