Antiviral, antifungal & antiprotozoals

Question 1

Agents for influenza A & respiratory viruses

Answer 1

rimantadine

Question 2

agents for herpes virus and ctyomegalovirus

Answer 2

acyclovir

Question 3

antiviral for flu/ respiratory info

Answer 3

action- prevent shedding of viral protein coat and entry into the cell.

Pharm- admin oral, nasal, inhalation

contra- allergy, pregnancy, lactation

adverse reactions- dizziness, insomnia, nausea, orthostatic hypotension.

D2D- anticholinergic agents

Question 4

Indications for rimantadine

Answer 4

prophylaxis and treatment of illness caused by influenza A virus in adults & children

Question 5

Actions of rimantadine

Answer 5

inhibits viral replication,possibly by preventing the uncoating of the virus.

Question 6

pharmo of rimantadine

Answer 6

oral route
slow onset
6 h peak

Question 7

half-life of rimantadine

Answer 7

25.4 hr; excreted unchanged in the urine

Question 8

adverse effects of rimantadine

Answer 8

light-headedness, dizziness, insomnia, nausea, dyspnea, ortostatic hypotension, depression

Question 9

Info on agents for herpes and CMV

Answer 9

Pharmo- oral, IV, or topically; excreted in the urine
Contra- pregnancy and lactation
adverse reactions- N/V HA, rash, HAIR LOSS
D2D- Nephrotoxic drugs, zidovudine

Teach- hydrate, ensure safety, give soon after diagnosis, monitor renal functions, wear gloves if admin topically.

Question 10

Indications for acyclovir

Answer 10

treatment of herpes simplex virus 1 &2 infections; treatments of severe genital HSV infections; HSV encephalitis, acute treatment of shingles and chicken pox; ointment for the treatment of gential HSV, and cold sores.

Question 11

Actions of acyclovir

Answer 11

Inhibits viral DNA replication

Question 12

Pramo of acyclovir

Answer 12

oral, IV, topical route
varies, immediate, not generally absorbed Onset
1.5 -2 hr, 1 hr Peak
not known, 8 h duration

Question 13

half-life of acyclovir

Answer 13

2.5- 5 hrs; excreted unchanged in the urine

Question 14

adverse effects of acyclovir

Answer 14

HA, vertigo, tremors, N/V, rash

Question 15

Systemic antifungals

Answer 15

fluconazole (Diflucan)

Question 16

antifungal agents info

Answer 16

Infection caused by fungus is known as a mycosis, incidence has increased d/t # of people who are immunocompromised.

systemic antifungals agents, can be very toxic.
contra- allergy, preg and lact, renal or liver disease.

Azoles used to treat systemic and topical fugal infections.
Used to treat candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, & other systemic fungal infections.

Pharm- available oral, IV; excreted unchanged in urine
contra- renal dysfunction
adverse effects- HA, N/V, diarrhea

Teach to take with meals

Question 17

Topical antifungals info

Answer 17

used in athletes foot, jock itch,yeast infections
Pharmo- not absorbed systemically
contra- known allergy
adverse effects- local irritation, burning, rash

Question 18

Antiprotozoals

Answer 18

metronidazole

Question 19

indications of metronidazole

Answer 19

acute intestinal amebiasis, amebic liver abscess, trichomoniasis, acute infections caused by susceptible strains of anaerobic bacteria & preoperative & postoperative prophylaxis for pts undergoing colorectal surgery.

Question 20

Actions of metronidazole

Answer 20

inhibits DNA synthesis of specific anaerobes, causing cell death; mechanism of action as an antiprotozoal & amebicidal is not known.

Question 21

Pharmo metronidazole

Answer 21

oral, IV route
varies, rapid onset
1-2 hr peak

Question 22

half-life of metronidazole

Answer 22

6-8 hrs; metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine and feces.

Question 23

adverse effects of metronidazole

Answer 23

HA, dizziness, ataxia, N/V, metallic taste, diarrhea, darkening of the urine.

Teach- Pts can not drink ETOH with this med