Antiviral, antifungal & antiprotozoals Flashcards
Agents for influenza A & respiratory viruses
rimantadine
agents for herpes virus and ctyomegalovirus
acyclovir
antiviral for flu/ respiratory info
action- prevent shedding of viral protein coat and entry into the cell.
Pharm- admin oral, nasal, inhalation
contra- allergy, pregnancy, lactation
adverse reactions- dizziness, insomnia, nausea, orthostatic hypotension.
D2D- anticholinergic agents
Indications for rimantadine
prophylaxis and treatment of illness caused by influenza A virus in adults & children
Actions of rimantadine
inhibits viral replication,possibly by preventing the uncoating of the virus.
pharmo of rimantadine
oral route
slow onset
6 h peak
half-life of rimantadine
25.4 hr; excreted unchanged in the urine
adverse effects of rimantadine
light-headedness, dizziness, insomnia, nausea, dyspnea, ortostatic hypotension, depression
Info on agents for herpes and CMV
Pharmo- oral, IV, or topically; excreted in the urine
Contra- pregnancy and lactation
adverse reactions- N/V HA, rash, HAIR LOSS
D2D- Nephrotoxic drugs, zidovudine
Teach- hydrate, ensure safety, give soon after diagnosis, monitor renal functions, wear gloves if admin topically.
Indications for acyclovir
treatment of herpes simplex virus 1 &2 infections; treatments of severe genital HSV infections; HSV encephalitis, acute treatment of shingles and chicken pox; ointment for the treatment of gential HSV, and cold sores.
Actions of acyclovir
Inhibits viral DNA replication
Pramo of acyclovir
oral, IV, topical route
varies, immediate, not generally absorbed Onset
1.5 -2 hr, 1 hr Peak
not known, 8 h duration
half-life of acyclovir
2.5- 5 hrs; excreted unchanged in the urine
adverse effects of acyclovir
HA, vertigo, tremors, N/V, rash
Systemic antifungals
fluconazole (Diflucan)
antifungal agents info
Infection caused by fungus is known as a mycosis, incidence has increased d/t # of people who are immunocompromised.
systemic antifungals agents, can be very toxic.
contra- allergy, preg and lact, renal or liver disease.
Azoles used to treat systemic and topical fugal infections.
Used to treat candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, & other systemic fungal infections.
Pharm- available oral, IV; excreted unchanged in urine
contra- renal dysfunction
adverse effects- HA, N/V, diarrhea
Teach to take with meals
Topical antifungals info
used in athletes foot, jock itch,yeast infections
Pharmo- not absorbed systemically
contra- known allergy
adverse effects- local irritation, burning, rash
Antiprotozoals
metronidazole
indications of metronidazole
acute intestinal amebiasis, amebic liver abscess, trichomoniasis, acute infections caused by susceptible strains of anaerobic bacteria & preoperative & postoperative prophylaxis for pts undergoing colorectal surgery.
Actions of metronidazole
inhibits DNA synthesis of specific anaerobes, causing cell death; mechanism of action as an antiprotozoal & amebicidal is not known.
Pharmo metronidazole
oral, IV route
varies, rapid onset
1-2 hr peak
half-life of metronidazole
6-8 hrs; metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine and feces.
adverse effects of metronidazole
HA, dizziness, ataxia, N/V, metallic taste, diarrhea, darkening of the urine.
Teach- Pts can not drink ETOH with this med
