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316A > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazides diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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2
Q

loop diuretics

A

furosemide

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3
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

acetazolamide

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4
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics

A

spirionalctone

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5
Q

osmotic diuretics

A

mannitol

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6
Q

Indications for hydrochlorothiazide

A

active therapy for edema r/t CHF, cirrhosis, corticosteroids, estrogen therapy & renal dysfunction. First line treatment for HTN

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7
Q

Actions of hydrochlorothiazide

A

Inhibits reabsorption of Na & Cl in distal renal tubes increase the excretion of Na, Cl and H2O.

blocks chloride pump, increase urine production mild diuretic

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8
Q

Pharmo HCTZ

A

oral route
2 hr onset
4-6 h peak
6-12 h duration

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9
Q

half-life of HCTZ

A

5.6 h-15 h; metabolized in liver excreted in urine.

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10
Q

Adverse effects of HCTZ

A

dizzy, vertigo, orthostatic, N/V anorexia, dry mouth, diarrhea, polyuria, muscle cramps, or spams,

F& E imbalances dehydration, hyperglycemia

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11
Q

Contraindications HCTZ

A

allergy to thiazides or sulfonamides, F&E imbalances, renal and liver disease, bipolar, pregnancy and lactation

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12
Q

Indication for furosemide

A

treatment of edema associated with CHF, acute pulmonary edema, HTN.
Powerful- used in acute situations.

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13
Q

Actions of furosemide

A

Inhibits reabsorption of Na & Cl in the distal renal tubules and loop of Henle, leading to Na- rich diuresis.
Blocks Cl pump

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14
Q

Parmo of furosemide

A

Oral, IV, IM route
60min, 5 min Onset
60-120 min, 30 min Peak
6-8 h, 2 h Duration

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15
Q

Half-life of furosemide

A

120 min; metabolized in liver, excreted in urine

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16
Q

Adverse effects of furosemide

A

dizzy, vertigo, orthostatic, hypotension, N/V, anorexia, paresthesis, rash, urticarial, glycosuria, urinary bladder spasm.
Imbalance F&E especially K

17
Q

Conra of frusoemide

A

allergy, electrolyte depletion, anuria, sever renal failure, hepatic coma, pregnancy and lact

18
Q

Indications for acetzolamide

A

often used in adjuncts to other diuretics. Used to treat glaucoma and drug induced edema.

19
Q

Actions of acetzolamide

A

Inhibits cabonic anhydrase, with decrease aqueous humor formation in the eye and hydrogen secretion by the renal tubules.
More Na and Bicarb are lost inurine

20
Q

Parmo of acetzolamide

A

oral, sustained oral, IV routes
1 hr, 2h, 1-2 min onset
2-4h, 8-12h 15-18 min peak
6-12 hr, 18-24 hr, 4-5 hr duration

21
Q

half-life of acetzolamide

A

5-6 hr, excreted unchanged in the urine

22
Q

adverse effects of acetzalomide

A

weakness, fatigue, rash, anorexia, nausea, nurinary frequency, renal calculi, bone marrow suppression, weight loss
Disrupts acid-base balance and electrolyte balance

23
Q

contra acetzalomide

A

allergy, angle closure glaucoma

24
Q

Indications for spironalctone

A

primary hyperaldosteronism, adjunctive therapy in the treatment of edema associated with CHF, nephrotic syndrome hepatic cirrhosis, treatment/ prevention of hypokalemia; essential HTN
Preferred if K loss will be detrimental to cardiac or neruomuscular condition.

25
Q

Actions of spironalctone

A

Competitively blocks the effects of aldosterone in renal tubule causing Na and H2O loss with retention of K

26
Q

Parmo of spironalctone

A

Oral route
24- 48 hr onset
48-72 hr peak & duration

27
Q

Half-life of spironalctone

A

20 hr; metabolized in liver, excreted in urine

28
Q

adverse effects of spironalctone

A

dizzy, HA, drowsiness, rash, cramping, diarrhea, hyperK, hirsutism, gynecomastia, deepening of the voice, irregular menses

29
Q

contra for spironalctone

A

allergy, hyperK, renal disease or anuria, Pt taking amilride or triamterene

30
Q

Indications for mannitol

A

treatment of oliguric phase of renal failure (seen in ARF), reduce ICP & cerebral edema, reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP); promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substance; dx and measure GFR. Transurethral irrigation
Acute IOP, ICP, ARF d/t shock, OD, or trauma

31
Q

Action of mannitol

A

Elevates the osmolarity of glomerular filtration, resulting in loss of H2O, Na, Cl; creates and osmotic gradient in the eye, reducing IOP.
Remove fluid from intavascular space, deliver H2O into renal tubules without Na loss.

32
Q

Parmo of mannitol

A

IV, irrigant route
30-60 min, rapid onset
1hr, rapid peak
6-8hr, short duration

33
Q

half-life of mannitol

A

15-100 min; excreted unchanged in urine.

34
Q

Contra for mannitol

A

use caution in extreme heart failure pts.

316A (9 decks)

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