Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

316A > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbepenems

A

ertapenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cephalosporins 2nd generation

A

cefaclor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cephalosporins 4th generation

A

cefditoren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

ciporfloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Penicillins extend spectrum

A

amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sulfonamides

A

cotrimoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tetracyclines

A

tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antimycobaterials Antitberculosis drugs

A

isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antimycobacterials leprostatic drugs

A

dapsone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ketolides

A

telithromcyin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lincosamides

A

clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Marcolides

A

erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monobactams

A

aztreonam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indications for Gentamicin

A

treatment of serious infection caused by susceptible bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Actions of Gentamicin

A

Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACILLI bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of the cell membrane and causing cell death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pharm of gentamicin

A

IM, IV route
Rapid Onset
30-90min peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

half-life of gentamicin

A

2-3 hr. metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adverse effects of gentamicin

A

sinusitis, dizziness, rash, fever risk of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, GI irritation, bone marrow suppression thus need to look at BUN & creatines.(contraindicated in renal/ hepatic disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Indications for ertapenem

A

treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, complicated intra-abdominal infections, skin and skin-structure infections and acute pelvic infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Actions of ertapenem

A

Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of the cell membrane and causing cell death. [bacteiostatic protein synthesis]

In general carbapenems are used to treat gram + & gram - making them broad spectrum antibiotics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parmo etrapenem

A

IV, IM route
Rapid onset
30-120min peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

half-life etrapenem

A

4 hr, excreted unchanged in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adverse effects etrapenem

A

HA, dizziness, N/V, pseudomembranous colitis, rash, pain at the joint site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Indications for cefaclor

A

Treatment of respiratory, dermatological, UTI’s and middle ear infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Action of cefaclor

A

Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing cell death in susceptible bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

parmo of cefaclor

A

oral route
30-60 min peak
8-10 h duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

half-life of cefaclor

A

30-60 mins, excreted unchanged in the urine.

29
Q

adverse effects of cefaclor

A

N/V, diarrhea, rash, superinfection, bone marrow risk for pseudomembranous colitis.

Contraindicated with PCN allergy

30
Q

indications for ciprofloxacin

A

treatment of respiratory, dermatological, UTI, ear, eye, and joint infections; treatment after anthrax exposure, typhoid fever

31
Q

Actions of ciprofloxacin

A

Interferes with the DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria, preventing cell reproduction.

32
Q

Pramo of ciprofloxacin

A

Oral, IV route
Varies,10 min Onset
60-90 min,30 min Peak
4-5 h duration

33
Q

half-life of ciprofloxacin

A

3.5-4 hrs; metabolized in the liver, excreted in bile and urine

34
Q

Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin

A

HA, dizziness, Hypotension, N/V, diarrhea, fever, rash.

Contraindicated if allergic to PCN

35
Q

Indications for amoxicillin

A

treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria, postexposure for anthrax, treatment of helicobacter infections as part of combination therapy.

36
Q

Actions of amoxicillin

A

inhibits synthesis of the cell wall in susceptible bacteria, causing cell death.

37
Q

parmo of amoxicillin

A

oral route
varies onset
1 hr peak
6-8 hr duration

38
Q

indications of cotrimoxazole

A

treatment of UTIs, acute otitis media in children, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults, traveler’s diarrhea in adults and pneumocystis carnii pneumonia when caused by susceptible strains of bacteria.

39
Q

Actions of cotrimoxazole

A

blocks two consecutive steps in protein and nucleic acid production; leading to inability for cells of multiply

40
Q

Parmo of cotrimoxazole

A

oral route
rapid onset
1-4 hr peak

41
Q

adverse effects of cotrimoxazole

A

N/V diarrhea, hepatocellular necrosis, hematuria, bone marrow suppression, Stevens- Johnson syndrome, rash, urticaria, photophobia, fever, chills.

Contraindicated with allergies to thiazide

42
Q

Indications of tetracycline

A

treatment of various infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria, acne, when PCN is contraindicated for eradication of susceptible organisms.

43
Q

Actions of tetracycline

A

inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria preventing cell replication.

44
Q

parmo of tetracycline

A

oral, topical route
varies, minimal absorption occurs onset
2-4hrs peak

45
Q

half-life of tetracycline

A

6-12 hrs; excreted unchanged in urine

45
Q

half-life of tetracycline

A

6-12 hrs; excreted unchanged in urine

46
Q

adverse effects of tetracyline

A

N/V, diarrhea, glossitis, discoloring and inadequate calcification of primary teeth of fetus when used in pregnant women or of secondary teethe when used in children, bone marrow suppression, photosensitivity, superinfections,rash, local irritation with topical forms.

46
Q

adverse effects of tetracyline

A

N/V, diarrhea, glossitis, discoloring and inadequate calcification of primary teeth of fetus when used in pregnant women or of secondary teethe when used in children, bone marrow suppression, photosensitivity, superinfections,rash, local irritation with topical forms.

47
Q

Indications of isoniazid

A

treatment of tuberculosis as part of combination therapy; prophylactic treatment of household members of tuberculars.

47
Q

Indications of isoniazid

A

treatment of tuberculosis as part of combination therapy; prophylactic treatment of household members of tuberculars.

48
Q

Actions of isoniazid

A

interferes with lipid and nucleic acid synthesis in actively growing tubercle bacilli.

48
Q

Actions of isoniazid

A

interferes with lipid and nucleic acid synthesis in actively growing tubercle bacilli.

49
Q

Pharmo of isoniazid

A

oral route
varies onset
1-2h peak
24h duration

49
Q

Pharmo of isoniazid

A

oral route
varies onset
1-2h peak
24h duration

50
Q

adverse effects isoniazid

A

peripheral neuropathies, N/V, hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, fever, local irritation at injection sites, gynecomastia, lupus syndrome

50
Q

adverse effects isoniazid

A

peripheral neuropathies, N/V, hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, fever, local irritation at injection sites, gynecomastia, lupus syndrome

51
Q

Indications for erythromycin

A

treatment of respiratory, dermatological, UTI, GI infection, caused by susceptible strains of bacteria.

52
Q

actions of erthromycin

A

binds to cell membranes, causing a change in protein function and cell death; can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal.

53
Q

Pharmo of erthromycin

A

oral, IV route
1-2 hr, rapid onset
1-4hr, 1 h peak

54
Q

half-life of erthromycin

A

3 to 5 hrs; metabolized in the liver, excreted in bile and urine.

55
Q

adverse effects erythromycin

A

abdominal cramping, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, superinfection, liver toxicity, risk fro pseudomembranous colitis, potential for hearing loss.

56
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • resistance has led to limited use.
  • toxic at high concentrations
  • used when PCN cannot be used.
  • used to treat- wide variety including acne, minor skin infections and ophthalmic conditions,
  • do not give it in a person taking PCN

Contraindicated- used with caution in children

adverse effects- GI effects, damage to teeth/ bones, superinfections, photosensitivity,

D2D- decreases oral contraceptives, digoxin toxicity, decreased absorption with “salts” & iron.

Teach- don’t take dairy, take on an empty stomach, use sunscreen, use other BC methods if on the pill.

57
Q

Carbapenems

A
  • limited use due to severe risk of GI toxicities.
  • used to treat intra-abdominal, complicated GU infections.
  • Treats Gram+ & gram - (broad-spectrum)
  • Etapenem prototype drug- bacteriostatic (inhibits protein synthesis)
58
Q

Cephlosporins

A
  • similar to PCN
  • multiple generations (4 generations)
  • dependent on microorganism identified- broad spectrum
  • common prophylactic administration per-surgery: 1 gram Ancef (cefazolin)

Adverse effects- GI disturbances, HA, dizziness, paresthesias, nephrotoxicity

Contraindicated- with PCN allergy
Teach- them to avoid ETOH consumption, montor for bleeding if on anticoagulants.

59
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

bacteriostatic

  • GU, respiratory, skin infections, broad spectrum
  • cipro is overused and as lots of resistant strains now.

Adverse effects are mild, N/V, HA, diarrhea and dry mouth.

Teach- to avoid UV light and sun, Don’t take iron or mineral supplements, antacids- decrease effectiveness.

60
Q

PCN

A
  • first antibiotic for clinical use, broad spectrum, used to treat coccal infections.
    Adverse effects- related to loss of normal flora, primarily GI.
  • superinfections- stomatitis, glossitis.

Teach about storage, monitor I&O, encourage fluids.

61
Q

sulfonamides

A
  • d/t resistance and development of new drugs, not used as often.
  • mineral based sulfa many bacteria cannot live in sulfa.
  • bactriostatic
  • inexpensive and effective for treatment of UTIs and STDs

Contraindicated with allergy to thiazide

Adverse effects- GI effects, hematuria, photosensitivity.
Interventions- assess skin & mucus membranes, administer medication on an empty stomach 1 -2 hr before meals.

62
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • resistance has led to limited use.
  • toxic at high concentrations
  • used when PCN cannot be used.
  • used to treat- wide variety including acne, minor skin infections and ophthalmic conditions,
  • do not give it in a person taking PCN

Contraindicated- used with caution in children

adverse effects- GI effects, damage to teeth/ bones, superinfections, photosensitivity,

63
Q

Antimycobacterials

A

Mycobacteria- group of bacteria that causes TB and leprosy. Bacterialcidal. Combinations of drugs used to treat TB. Must be administered over 6-24 months.
Teach- need to complete the course of meds, use barrier contraceptives, may cause orange coloration of body fluids.

316A (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions