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CHEM 103 > Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons > Flashcards

Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

What is the name for the negative subatomic particles?

A

Electrons

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3
Q

How do we represent electrons in writing?

A

e^-

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4
Q

Why do we represent electrons as e^-?

A

To indicate their negative charge

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5
Q

What is the name for the positive subatomic particles?

A

Protons

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6
Q

Where are protons highly concentrated?

A

In the atom’s nucleus

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7
Q

True or False: Protons are much more massive than electrons by a factor of about 2,000

A

True

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8
Q

How do we represent protons in writing?

A

p^+

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9
Q

Why do we represent protons as p^+?

A

To indicate their positive charge

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10
Q

What is the name for the subatomic particle that has no electrical charge?

A

Neutron

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11
Q

How do we represent neutrons in writing?

A

n^0

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12
Q

Why do we represent neutrons as n^0?

A

To indicate that they have no or zero electrical charge

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13
Q

Where are neutrons found?

A

They are co-located with protons within the nucleus

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14
Q

True or False: The atom’s nucleus occupies just a tiny portion of the atom’s entire volume

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the “cloud” of electrons

A

True

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16
Q

Why do we use the term “electron cloud”?

A

The exact positions of the electrons cannot be known in general or at any particular time

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17
Q

What units of measurement do we use for describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms?

A

Atomic mass unit (amu) and the fundamental unit of charge (e)

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18
Q

What is 1 amu equal to?

A

1.6605 x 10^-24 g

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19
Q

What are alternative units that are equivalent to the amu?

A

The Dalton (Da) and the unified atomic mass unit (u)

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20
Q

What does the fundamental unit of charge equal?

A

Equal to the magnitude of the charge of an electron = 1.602 x 10^-19 C

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21
Q

True or False: The sum of an atom’s subatomic particles does not equal the atom’s actual mass

A

True

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22
Q

What is the mass defect?

A

The “missing” mass in the sum of an atom’s subatomic particles when it does not equal the atom’s actual mass

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23
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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24
Q

What letter is used to designate the atomic number?

A

z

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25
Q

Why is the atomic number so important?

A

It is the defining trait of the element that determines the identity of the atom

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26
Q

What must a neutral atom contain?

A

The same number of protons equal to the same number of electrons

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27
Q

What is also true about the atomic number?

A

It does not only tell us the number of protons in an atom, but the number of electrons in an atom as well

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28
Q

What is atomic mass/mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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29
Q

What letter is used to represent atomic mass/mass number?

A

A

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30
Q

How do we find the number of neutrons?

A

The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number

A - Z = number of neutrons

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31
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers, elements therefore differ from one another based on the number of neutrons within the nucleus

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32
Q

What occurs when the numbers of the subatomic particles protons and electrons are not equal to one another?

A

An ion is formed, and the atom then becomes electrically charged

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33
Q

What is an ion?

A

An electrically charged atom

34
Q

How can we find the charge of an atom?

A

Atomic charge = number of protons - number of electrons

35
Q

What is an anion?

A

An atom that gains one or more electron (s), therefore exhibiting a negative charge

36
Q

What is a cation?

A

An atom that loses one or more electron (s), therefore exhibiting a positive charge

37
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

An abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element

38
Q

What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

A

H

39
Q

What is the chemical symbol for helium?

A

He

40
Q

What is the chemical symbol for lithium?

A

Li

41
Q

What is the chemical symbol for beryllium?

A

Be

42
Q

What is the chemical symbol for boron?

A

B

43
Q

What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

A

C

44
Q

What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

A

N

45
Q

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

A

O

46
Q

What is the chemical symbol for fluorine?

A

F

47
Q

What is the chemical symbol for neon?

A

Ne

48
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

A

Na

49
Q

What is the chemical symbol for magnesium?

A

Mg

50
Q

What is the chemical symbol for aluminum?

A

Al

51
Q

What is the chemical symbol for silicon?

A

Si

52
Q

What is the chemical symbol for phosphorus?

A

P

53
Q

What is the chemical symbol for gallium?

A

Ga

54
Q

What is the chemical symbol for germanium?

A

Ge

55
Q

What is the chemical symbol for arsenic?

A

As

56
Q

What is the chemical symbol for selenium?

A

Se

57
Q

What is the chemical symbol for bromine?

A

Br

58
Q

What is the chemical symbol for krypton?

A

Kr

59
Q

What is the chemical symbol for silver?

A

Ag

60
Q

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

A

Au

61
Q

What is the chemical symbol for barium?

A

Ba

62
Q

What is the chemical symbol for iodine?

A

I

63
Q

What is the chemical symbol for mercury?

A

Hg

64
Q

What is the chemical symbol for lead?

A

Pb

65
Q

What is the chemical symbol for uranium?

A

U

66
Q

What is the mass of a proton in amu?

A

1.0073 amu

67
Q

What is the mass of a neutron in amu?

A

1.0087 amu

68
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

0.0005486 amu

69
Q

In what way are isotopes of a given element always different? In what way (s) are they always the same?

A

Isotopes always differ in their mass number due to varying numbers of neutrons. Isotopes always have the same number of protons.

70
Q

Which of the subatomic particles are a major contributor to an atom’s mass?

A

Protons, neutrons

71
Q

Which of the subatomic particles are a major contributor to an atom’s volume?

A

Electrons

72
Q

Which of the subatomic particles are charged particles?

A

Protons, electrons

73
Q

Which of the subatomic particles are responsible for when two neutral atoms of the same element that may have different numbers of such present?

A

Neutrons

74
Q

True or False: Protons and electrons have opposite and equal charges

A

True

75
Q

Where does the nucleus exist within the electron cloud?

A

The center

76
Q

True or False: The nucleus is not located within the electron cloud

A

False, it is located within the electron cloud

77
Q

Is the A value subscripted or superscripted in a chemical symbol?

A

Superscripted

78
Q

Is the z value subscripted or superscripted in a chemical symbol?

A

Subscripted

79
Q

Why do cations result in a positive charge?

A

The charge of the atom turns positive because there are more protons than electrons considering an electron was lost

80
Q

Why do anions result in a negative charge?

A

The charge of the atom turns negative because there are more electrons than protons considering an electron was gained

CHEM 103 (16 decks)

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