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CHEM 103 > Molecular Compounds & Polyatomic Ions > Flashcards

Molecular Compounds & Polyatomic Ions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monatomic ion?

A

Ions formed from only one atom

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2
Q

What are polyatomic ions composed of?

A

Electrically charged molecules (a group of bonded atoms with an overall charge)

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3
Q

What are oxyanions?

A

Polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonium?

A

NH4+

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydronium?

A

H3O+

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6
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydroxide?

A

OH-

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7
Q

What is the chemical formula for acetate?

A

CH3COO-

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8
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitrate?

A

NO3-

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9
Q

What is the chemical formula for permanganate?

A

MnO4-

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10
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen carbonate?

A

HCO3-

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11
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbonate?

A

CO32-

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen sulfate?

A

HSO4-

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13
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfate?

A

SO42-

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14
Q

What is the chemical formula for phosphate?

A

PO43-

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15
Q

What are two suffixes that can be used to designate polyatomic ions?

A

-ate and -ite

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16
Q

What does is per- short for and what does it mean?

A

Short for hyper, meaning above

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17
Q

What does hypo- mean

A

Under

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18
Q

How are compounds classified as ionic or covalent (molecular)?

A

Classified on the basis of the bonds present in them

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19
Q

When electrons are transferred and ions form, ____ ____ are a result of such.

A

Ionic bonds

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20
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and anions

21
Q

When electrons are “shared” and molecules form, ____ ____ are a result of such.

A

Covalent bonds

22
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

The attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons that are located between the atoms

23
Q

True or False: Compounds containing polyatomic ions are named similarly to those containing only monatomic ions, except there is no need to change to an –ide ending, since the suffix is already present in the name of the anion.

A

True

24
Q

True or False: Many ionic compounds contain polyatomic ions as the cation, anion, or both

A

True

25
Q

What charge do simple ionic compounds have?

A

Electrically neutral

26
Q

Why do we use parentheses in a formula?

A

To indicate a group of atoms that behave as a unit

27
Q

True or False: Because an ionic compound is not made up of single, discrete molecules, it may not be properly symbolized using a molecular formula.

If false, what may you use instead?

A

True. Relative numbers of its constituent ions

28
Q

How are ionic compounds symbolized in a formula?

A

The relative numbers of its constituent ions symbolize the ionic compounds

29
Q

True or False: The bonding characteristics of inorganic covalent compounds are different from ionic compounds, and they are named using a different system as well.

A

True

30
Q

The charges of cations and anions dictate what in ionic compounds?

A

Their ratios, so specifying names of ions provides sufficient information to determine their chemical formula

31
Q

How do we name a covalent compound as two nonmetallic elements are formed together?

A

Add prefixes to specify the numbers of atoms of each element. The name of the more metallic element (the one farther to the left and/or bottom of the periodic table) is first, followed by the name of the more nonmetallic element (the one farther to the right and/or top) with its ending changed to the suffix –ide.

32
Q

Name the following covalent compounds:

A. SF6
B. N2O3
C. Cl2O7
D. P4O6

A

A. sulfur hexafluoride
B. dinitrogen trioxide
C. dichlorine heptoxide
D. tetraphosphorus hexoxide

33
Q

What are the formulas for the following compounds:

A. phosphorus pentachloride
B. dinitrogen monoxide
C. iodine heptafluoride
D. carbon tetrachloride

A

A. PCl5
B. N2O
C. IF7
D. CCl4

34
Q

True or False: Molecular compounds can form with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

A

True

35
Q

What is the definition of a polyatomic ion?

A

Ion composed of more than one atom

36
Q

What is the definition of a monoatomic ion?

A

Ion composed of one atom

37
Q

What is the definition of an oxyanion?

A

Polyatomic ion that contains one or more oxygen atoms

38
Q

What is the definition of an ionic bond?

A

Electrons are transferred to form an ionic compound held by electrostatic forces

39
Q

What is the definition of a covalent bond?

A

Electrons are shared to form a covalent compound held by attractive forces

40
Q

Write the formulas of the following compounds:

A. chlorine dioxide
B. dinitrogen tetraoxide
C. potassium phosphide
D. silver(I) sulfide
E. aluminum nitride
F. silicon dioxide

A

A. ClO2
B. N2O4
C. K3P
D. Ag2S
E. AlN
F. SiO2

41
Q

Write the formulas of the following compounds:

A. lithium carbonate
B. sodium perchlorate
C. barium hydroxide
D. ammonium carbonate
E. sulfuric acid
F. calcium acetate
G. magnesium phosphate
H. sodium sulfite

A

A. Li2CO3
B. NaClO4
C. Ba(OH)2
D. (NH4)2CO3
E. H2SO4
F. Ca(C2H3O2)2
G. Mg3(PO4)2
H. Na2SO3

42
Q

Indicate whether each of the following compounds displays ionic bonding, covalent bonding, both, or neither.

A. CH4
B. KBr
C. F2
D. LiCH3COO

A

A. Covalent bonding
B. Ionic bonding
C. Covalent bonding
D. Both

43
Q

How are covalent bonds formed?

A

By the sharing of electrons between two or more nonmetals

44
Q

True or False: Molecular compounds are neutral if the molecule contains no net charge

A

True

45
Q

Do polyatomic ions carry a net charge?

A

Yes

46
Q

What do binary compounds contain?

A

Two different nonmetal elements

47
Q

What do the prefixes of the binary compounds show?

A

The number of each atom present

48
Q

What should we do if cation and anion charges are not equal?

A

Use multiple copies of one or both ions until the charges are equal

CHEM 103 (16 decks)

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