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CHEM 103 > Monatomic Ions & Compounds > Flashcards

Monatomic Ions & Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monatomic ions?

A

Single atoms that have gained or lost electrons

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2
Q

Do metal atoms lose or gain electrons

A

Lose

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3
Q

Are metal ions positively or negatively charged

A

Positively

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4
Q

What are positively charge ions called?

A

Cations

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5
Q

What is a monatomic ion?

A

A single atom that has gained or lost electrons

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6
Q

Do nonmetal atoms lose or gain electrons

A

Gain

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7
Q

Are nonmetal ions positively or negatively charged

A

Negatively

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8
Q

What are negatively charged ions called?

A

Anions

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9
Q

True or False: Some families of the periodic table have predictable charges

A

True

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10
Q

Why does hydrogen appear in both group 1 and group 17

A

It can lose or gain an electron

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11
Q

True or False: Positive charges for Groups 1, 2 & equal the group number

A

True

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12
Q

What can be said of the charges of transition metals?

A

Transition metals lose varying numbers of electrons, forming cations with different charges. Yet they form many +2 ions and +3 ions

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13
Q

What can be said of the charge for group 13?

A

Positive charge for group 13 (3) equals group number (3)

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14
Q

What can be said of the charges for groups 5-7?

A

Negative charges and equals group number

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15
Q

True or False: Ionic compounds are neutral

A

True

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16
Q

What does it mean if an ionic compound is neutral?

A

It has no charge

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17
Q

For writing names for ionic compounds, when metals that form only one type of cation what is the first and second thing to notice?

A

Name of the metal plus a Roman numeral to indicate the ion’s charge

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18
Q

For writing names for monatomic anions, when metals that form only one type of cation what are important changes to notice?

A

Name of the nonmetal, plus ide on

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19
Q

What type of elemental group is composed of atoms that readily lose electrons?

A

Metals

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20
Q

What type of elemental group is composed of atoms that readily gain electrons?

A

Nonmetals

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21
Q

How is an ion produced?

A

Metals that lose electrons react with nonmetals that gain electrons where a transfer of electrons occurs

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22
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

The compound formed by a transfer of electrons and is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions between the ions of opposite charge present in the compound

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23
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A compound that contains ions and is held together by ionic bonds

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24
Q

True or False: In every ionic compound, the total positive charges equals the total negative charges

A

True, ionic compounds are electrically neutral overall even with positive and negative ions

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25
Q

What are some properties of ionic compounds?

A

Typically solids at room temperature, melt at high temperatures, and boil at even higher temperatures

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26
Q

In its solid form, what is true about ionic compounds?

A

It is not electrically conductive because ions are unable to flow

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27
Q

What is electricity?

A

The flow of charged particles

28
Q

In its molten form, what is true about ionic compounds?

A

It can conduct electricity because its ions are able to move freely through the liquid

29
Q

When atoms share rather than transfer electrons, what is the result?

A

A covalent compounds

30
Q

How can we often identify covalent compounds?

A

On the basis of their physical properties

31
Q

What are some properties of covalent compounds?

A

Under normal conditions, exist as gases, low-boiling-temperature liquids and low-melting-temperature solids (many important exceptions do exist)

32
Q

How are covalent compounds usually formed?

A

By a combination of nonmetals

33
Q

Using the periodic table, predict whether the following compounds are ionic or covalent:

A. SO2
B. CaF2
C. N2H4
D. Al2O3

A

A. Covalent
B. Ionic
C. Covalent
D. Ionic

34
Q

True or False: In ordinary chemical reactions the nucleus of each atom ( and thus the identity of the atom) remains unchanged

A

True

35
Q

How can electrons transfer?

A

Can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms

36
Q

During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons, and form?

A

Electrically charged particles called ions

37
Q

True or False: You can use the periodic table to predict whether an atom will form an anion or a cation and you can often predict the charge of the resulting ion

A

True

38
Q

Atoms of many main-group metals: gain or lose electrons?

A

Lose enough electrons to leave them with the same number of electrons as an atom of the preceding noble gas

39
Q

True or False: The name of a metal ion is the same as the name of the metal atom from which it forms

Example: Ca+2 is called a Calcium ion

A

True

40
Q

True or False: When atoms of nonmetal elements form ions, they generally gain enough electrons to give them the same number of electrons as an atom of the next noble gas in the periodic table.

A

True

41
Q

True or False: Moving from the far left to the right on the periodic table, main-group elements tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number.

A

True

42
Q

Because an ionic compound is not made up of discrete molecules, it may be properly symbolized using a _____ formula, but a formula indicating the _______ _______ of its constituent ions instead.

A

Molecular, relative numbers

43
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A
44
Q

Questions to consider when naming ionic compounds

A

Is the compound ionic or covalent? If the compound is ionic, does the metal form ions of only one type (fixed charge) or more than one type (variable charge)? Are the ions monatomic or polyatomic? If the compound is covalent, does it contain hydrogen? If so, does it also contain oxygen?

45
Q

The name of a binary compound containing monatomic ions consists of what?

A

The name of the cation (the name of the metal) followed by the name of the anion (the name of the nonmetallic element with its ending replaced by the suffix –ide).

46
Q

When naming transition metals, what should be known?

A

They are named with the same method as compounds in the first category, except the charge of the metal ion is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the metal. The charge of the metal ion is determined from the formula of the compound and the charge of the anion.

47
Q

Name the following ionic compounds, which contain a metal that can have more than one ionic charge:

A. Fe2S3
B. CuSe
C. GaN
D. CrCl3

A

A. Iron(III) sulfide
B. Copper(II) selenide
C. Gallium(III) nitride
D. Chromium(III) chloride

48
Q

Write the formulas of the following ionic compounds:

A. Chromium(III) phosphide
B. Mercury(II) sulfide
C. Manganese(II) oxide
D. Copper(I) oxide

A

A. CrP
B. HgS
C. MnO
D. Cu2O

49
Q

At the submicroscopic level, ionic compounds are?

A

Three dimensional ordered arrays of cations and anions held together by many strong ionic bonds.

50
Q

What is the array of ionic compounds referred to as?

A

Crystalline lattice

51
Q

True or False: Most ionic compounds are solid materials at room temperature with relatively high melting points.

A

True

52
Q

True or False: Unlike charges experience a force of attraction between them whereas like charges repel each other

A

True

53
Q

The magnitude of the force of attraction (or repulsion) is described by?

A

Coulomb’s Law

54
Q

What is Coulomb’s Law?

A

Force of attraction = constant × (Q1Q2/d2)

55
Q

How is Coulomb’s Law useful?

A

It predicts the relative strength of ionic bonds between different ions, and therefore the relative melting points for ionic compounds.

56
Q

True or False: The force of attraction is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge on each ion

A

True

57
Q

Will ionic compounds that consist of ions with higher charges have higher melting points?

A

Yes

58
Q

The magnitude of the force is ______ _______ to the square of the distance between two ions.

A

Inversely proportional

59
Q

True or False: The smaller the ion the smaller this distance, and therefore the stronger the attractive force.

A

True

60
Q

Can Coulomb’s Law be also stated in terms of energy or potential energy?

A

Yes

61
Q

What is Coulomb’s Law in terms of energy/potential energy?

A

Potential Energy= U= constant x (Q1Q2/d)

62
Q

Using the potential energy form of Coulomb’s law provides what?

A

It provides insight into the energy of interaction between two charged ions.

63
Q

Binary ionic compounds typically consist of what?

A

A metal and a nonmetal

64
Q

What is the chemical formula for the correct representation of calcium fluoride?

A

CaF2

65
Q

What is the chemical formula for the correct representation of chromium (II) chloride?

A

CrCl2

66
Q

Write out the name of the compound that has the chemical formula Na2S

A

Sodium sulfide

CHEM 103 (16 decks)

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