Monatomic Ions & Compounds Flashcards
What are monatomic ions?
Single atoms that have gained or lost electrons
Do metal atoms lose or gain electrons
Lose
Are metal ions positively or negatively charged
Positively
What are positively charge ions called?
Cations
What is a monatomic ion?
A single atom that has gained or lost electrons
Do nonmetal atoms lose or gain electrons
Gain
Are nonmetal ions positively or negatively charged
Negatively
What are negatively charged ions called?
Anions
True or False: Some families of the periodic table have predictable charges
True
Why does hydrogen appear in both group 1 and group 17
It can lose or gain an electron
True or False: Positive charges for Groups 1, 2 & equal the group number
True
What can be said of the charges of transition metals?
Transition metals lose varying numbers of electrons, forming cations with different charges. Yet they form many +2 ions and +3 ions
What can be said of the charge for group 13?
Positive charge for group 13 (3) equals group number (3)
What can be said of the charges for groups 5-7?
Negative charges and equals group number
True or False: Ionic compounds are neutral
True
What does it mean if an ionic compound is neutral?
It has no charge
For writing names for ionic compounds, when metals that form only one type of cation what is the first and second thing to notice?
Name of the metal plus a Roman numeral to indicate the ion’s charge
For writing names for monatomic anions, when metals that form only one type of cation what are important changes to notice?
Name of the nonmetal, plus ide on
What type of elemental group is composed of atoms that readily lose electrons?
Metals
What type of elemental group is composed of atoms that readily gain electrons?
Nonmetals
How is an ion produced?
Metals that lose electrons react with nonmetals that gain electrons where a transfer of electrons occurs
What is an ionic bond?
The compound formed by a transfer of electrons and is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions between the ions of opposite charge present in the compound
What is an ionic compound?
A compound that contains ions and is held together by ionic bonds
True or False: In every ionic compound, the total positive charges equals the total negative charges
True, ionic compounds are electrically neutral overall even with positive and negative ions
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
Typically solids at room temperature, melt at high temperatures, and boil at even higher temperatures
In its solid form, what is true about ionic compounds?
It is not electrically conductive because ions are unable to flow
What is electricity?
The flow of charged particles
In its molten form, what is true about ionic compounds?
It can conduct electricity because its ions are able to move freely through the liquid
When atoms share rather than transfer electrons, what is the result?
A covalent compounds
How can we often identify covalent compounds?
On the basis of their physical properties
What are some properties of covalent compounds?
Under normal conditions, exist as gases, low-boiling-temperature liquids and low-melting-temperature solids (many important exceptions do exist)
How are covalent compounds usually formed?
By a combination of nonmetals
Using the periodic table, predict whether the following compounds are ionic or covalent:
A. SO2
B. CaF2
C. N2H4
D. Al2O3
A. Covalent
B. Ionic
C. Covalent
D. Ionic
True or False: In ordinary chemical reactions the nucleus of each atom ( and thus the identity of the atom) remains unchanged
True
How can electrons transfer?
Can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms
During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons, and form?
Electrically charged particles called ions
True or False: You can use the periodic table to predict whether an atom will form an anion or a cation and you can often predict the charge of the resulting ion
True
Atoms of many main-group metals: gain or lose electrons?
Lose enough electrons to leave them with the same number of electrons as an atom of the preceding noble gas
True or False: The name of a metal ion is the same as the name of the metal atom from which it forms
Example: Ca+2 is called a Calcium ion
True
True or False: When atoms of nonmetal elements form ions, they generally gain enough electrons to give them the same number of electrons as an atom of the next noble gas in the periodic table.
True
True or False: Moving from the far left to the right on the periodic table, main-group elements tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number.
True
Because an ionic compound is not made up of discrete molecules, it may be properly symbolized using a _____ formula, but a formula indicating the _______ _______ of its constituent ions instead.
Molecular, relative numbers
What is an empirical formula?
Questions to consider when naming ionic compounds
Is the compound ionic or covalent? If the compound is ionic, does the metal form ions of only one type (fixed charge) or more than one type (variable charge)? Are the ions monatomic or polyatomic? If the compound is covalent, does it contain hydrogen? If so, does it also contain oxygen?
The name of a binary compound containing monatomic ions consists of what?
The name of the cation (the name of the metal) followed by the name of the anion (the name of the nonmetallic element with its ending replaced by the suffix –ide).
When naming transition metals, what should be known?
They are named with the same method as compounds in the first category, except the charge of the metal ion is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the metal. The charge of the metal ion is determined from the formula of the compound and the charge of the anion.
Name the following ionic compounds, which contain a metal that can have more than one ionic charge:
A. Fe2S3
B. CuSe
C. GaN
D. CrCl3
A. Iron(III) sulfide
B. Copper(II) selenide
C. Gallium(III) nitride
D. Chromium(III) chloride
Write the formulas of the following ionic compounds:
A. Chromium(III) phosphide
B. Mercury(II) sulfide
C. Manganese(II) oxide
D. Copper(I) oxide
A. CrP
B. HgS
C. MnO
D. Cu2O
At the submicroscopic level, ionic compounds are?
Three dimensional ordered arrays of cations and anions held together by many strong ionic bonds.
What is the array of ionic compounds referred to as?
Crystalline lattice
True or False: Most ionic compounds are solid materials at room temperature with relatively high melting points.
True
True or False: Unlike charges experience a force of attraction between them whereas like charges repel each other
True
The magnitude of the force of attraction (or repulsion) is described by?
Coulomb’s Law
What is Coulomb’s Law?
Force of attraction = constant × (Q1Q2/d2)
How is Coulomb’s Law useful?
It predicts the relative strength of ionic bonds between different ions, and therefore the relative melting points for ionic compounds.
True or False: The force of attraction is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge on each ion
True
Will ionic compounds that consist of ions with higher charges have higher melting points?
Yes
The magnitude of the force is ______ _______ to the square of the distance between two ions.
Inversely proportional
True or False: The smaller the ion the smaller this distance, and therefore the stronger the attractive force.
True
Can Coulomb’s Law be also stated in terms of energy or potential energy?
Yes
What is Coulomb’s Law in terms of energy/potential energy?
Potential Energy= U= constant x (Q1Q2/d)
Using the potential energy form of Coulomb’s law provides what?
It provides insight into the energy of interaction between two charged ions.
Binary ionic compounds typically consist of what?
A metal and a nonmetal
What is the chemical formula for the correct representation of calcium fluoride?
CaF2
What is the chemical formula for the correct representation of chromium (II) chloride?
CrCl2
Write out the name of the compound that has the chemical formula Na2S
Sodium sulfide
