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CHEM 103 > Periodic Trends > Flashcards

Periodic Trends Flashcards

1
Q

Dimitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently recognized what?

A

Independently recognized that there was a periodic relationship among the properties of the periodic elements known at that time

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2
Q

What country did Dimitri Mendeleev belong to?

A

Russia 1869

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3
Q

What country did Lothar Meyer belong to?

A

Germany 1870

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4
Q

What did Mendeleev use his table of elements for?

A

Used his table to predict the existence of elements that would have the properties similar to aluminum and silicon but were yet unknown.

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5
Q

The discoveries of which elements provided great support for Mendeleev’s work?

A

Gallium 1875 and Germanium 1886

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6
Q

Columns of the periodic table are also called what?

A

Families

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7
Q

What are the families of the periodic table?

A

Alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, halogens, and noble gases

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8
Q

True or False: Columns/families share chemical properties

A

True

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9
Q

Can elements be referred to as being in a row?

A

Yes

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10
Q

True or False: Elements in the same row share chemical properties

A

False

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11
Q

What are the regions of the periodic table?

A

Main group metals, transition metals, metalloids, and nonmetals/noble gases

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12
Q

True or False: There are 9 diatomic elements

A

False, there are 7

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13
Q

What are the seven diatomic elements?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2

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14
Q

True or False: As early chemists worked to discover more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped together by their similar chemical behaviors

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Both Mendeleev and Meyer published periodic tables with the elements arranging to increasing atomic mass

A

True

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16
Q

How did Mendeleev go one step further than Meyer with the use of his periodic table?

A

He used his table to predict the existence of elements that would have properties similar to aluminum and silicon, but were yet unknown

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17
Q

By the twentieth century, it became apparent that the periodic relationship involved what rather than what?

A

Atomic numbers rather than atomic masses

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18
Q

What is the periodic law?

A

The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a modern periodic table?

A

It arranges the elements in increasing order of their atomic numbers and groups atoms with similar properties in the same vertical column

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20
Q

What are the horizontal groups on the periodic table referred to as?

A

Periods or series

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21
Q

How many periods are there on a periodic table?

A

Seven

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22
Q

How many groups are there on a periodic table?

A

Eighteen

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23
Q

What are the vertical columns on the periodic table referred to as?

A

Groups

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24
Q

True or False: Many elements differ dramatically in their chemical/physical properties, but some elements are similar in their behaviors

A

True

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25
Q

A metal on the periodic table is most likely referring to what phase?

A

Solid

26
Q

A metalloid on the periodic table is most likely referring to what phase?

A

Liquid

27
Q

A nonmetal on the periodic table is most likely referring to what phase?

A

Gas

28
Q

What are metals?

A

Elements that are shiny, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity

29
Q

What are nonmetals?

A

Elements that appear dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity

30
Q

What are metalloids?

A

Elements that conduct heat and electricity moderately well, and possess some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

31
Q

Which columns are the main group/representative elements?

A

1, 2, 13-18

32
Q

Which columns are the transition metals?

A

3-12

33
Q

Which are the inner transition metals?

A

The two rows at the bottom of the table (top- lanthanides, bottom- actinides)

34
Q

What are the two rows of the inner transition metals?

A

Lanthanides and actinides

35
Q

True or False: The elements can be subdivided further by more specific properties, such as the composition of the compounds they form

A

True

36
Q

Elements in group 1 form?

A

Compounds that consist of one atom of the element and one atom of hydrogen

37
Q

What are the elements in group 1 referred to as?

A

Alkali metals

38
Q

Elements in group 2 form?

A

Compounds consisting of one atom of the element and two atoms of hydrogen

39
Q

What are the elements in group 2 reffered to as?

A

Alkaline earth metals

40
Q

What are the elements in group 15 referred to as?

A

Pnictogens

41
Q

What are the elements in group 16 referred to as?

A

Chalcogens

42
Q

What are the elements in group 17 referred to as?

A

Halogens

43
Q

What are the elements in group 18 referred to as?

A

Noble gases/inert gases

44
Q

True or False: The groups can also be referred to by the first element of the group

Example: The chalcogens can be called the oxygen group/oxygen family

A

True

45
Q

Why is hydrogen unique as an element?

A

Unique, nonmetallic element with properties similar to both group 1 and group 17 elements; may be shown at top of both groups or by itself for that reason

46
Q

Give the group name for the following elements:

A. Chlorine
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Sulfur

A

A. Halogen
B. Alkaline earth metal
C. Alkali metal
D. Chalcogen

47
Q

Why do some elements 43, 61, 84, and higher have their atomic mass given in square brackets?

A

These elements consist entirely of unstable, radioactive isotopes therefore average atomic weight cannot be determined for these elements because their radioisotopes may vary significantly in relative abundance

47
Q

Give the group name for the following elements:

A. Krypton
B. Selenium
C. Barium
D. Lithium

A

A. Noble Gas
B. Chalcogen
C. Alkaline Earth Metal
D. Alkali Metal

48
Q

What does it mean for the mass of the elements with the square brackets?

A

The atomic mass number within the square brackets is the most stable isotope of that element

49
Q

True or False: The discovery of the periodic recurrence of similar properties among the elements led to the formulation of the periodic table

A

True

50
Q

True or False: Groups are numbered 1-18 from right to left

A

False, numbered 1-18 from left to right

51
Q

What is an actinide?

A

An inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

52
Q

What is a lanthanide?

A

An inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

53
Q

What is the simple definition of periodic law?

A

Properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers

54
Q

What is the simple definition of periodic table?

A

Table of elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together

55
Q

Which of the following statements is correct? Select all that apply.
A. An atom’s mass is primarily due to the size of the electron cloud.
B. A proton and a neutron both weigh 1 amu.
C. A proton and an electron have opposite charges but the same mass.
D. Isotopes have the same number of neutrons but differing number of protons.
E. The periodic table is ordered by increasing number of neutrons.

A

B

56
Q

Elements along a ___ in the periodic table share chemical characteristics?

A

Column

57
Q

Bromine belongs to the ___ family

A

Halogens

58
Q

The alkaline earth metal in the sixth periodic table row is?

A

Barium

59
Q

The halogen in the second periodic table row is?

A

Fluorine

60
Q

True or False: According to the periodic table, potassium and nitrogen have similar chemical properties

A

False

CHEM 103 (16 decks)

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