Protocols and Layers

Question 1

What is a protocol?

Answer 1

• A set of rules that allow devices on a network to communicate with each other.

Question 2

TCP Protocol: What is it?

Answer 2

• A protocol that allows packets to be sent and received between computer systems.

Question 3

What does the TCP protocol do?

Answer 3

• Breaks the data into packets and reassembles them back into the original data at the destination.

Question 4

What is the IP Protocol?

Answer 4

• In charge of routing and addressing data packets.
• This ensures data packets are sent across networks to the correct destination.

Question 5

What does the IP protocol do?

Answer 5

• It is an addressing system - every device on a network is given a unique IP address so data packets can be sent to the correct computer system.

Question 6

HTTP:

Answer 6

• Used to transfer web pages over the Internet so that users can view them in a web browser.

Question 7

HTTPS:

Answer 7

• A more secure version of HTTP that works with another protocol called SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to transfer encrypted data.

Question 8

FTP:

Answer 8

• Used to transfer files across a network.
• Commonly used to upload or download files to/from a web server.

Question 9

SMTP:

Answer 9

• Used to send emails to a mail server and between mail servers.

Question 10

POP:

Answer 10

• Receiving and storing emails from a mail server.
• Deletes an email once it has been downloaded to a device.

Question 11

IMAP:

Answer 11

• Protocol for receiving and storing emails from a mail server.
• Syncs the message with an email server so that can be accessed by different devices.

Question 12

IPv4:

Answer 12

• IPv4 uses a 32-bit address that allows for over 4 billion unique addresses.
• Uses a numerical dot-decimal notation: 212.58.244.66
• Can be changed.

Question 13

IPv6:

Answer 13

• IPv6 was developed was a 128-bit address, represented in hexadecimal that allows for lots more unique addresses.
• Can be changed.

Question 14

What is a MAC Address?

Answer 14

• A unique hexadecimal dumber assigned to each NIC inside a networked device e.g a router or laptop.
• CANNOT be changed.

Question 15

What are networking standards?

Answer 15

• Rules that allow computer systems to communicate across networks.
• Standards have been created to ensure devices can exchange data and work together.

Question 16

Why is splitting a network design into layers beneficial to programmers?

Answer 16

• It simplifies design, making it easier to modify and use.

Question 17

What is the 4-Layer TCP/IP Model used for?

Answer 17

• Used to visualise the different parts of a network as each of the four layers has a specific role.

Question 18

4th layer of TCP/IP Model:

Answer 18

• Application.
• Allows humans and software applications to use the network e.g browsers (HTTP/HTTPS) and email (SMTP) and file transfer (FTP).

Question 19

3rd Layer of TCP/IP Model:

Answer 19

• Transport
• TCP breaks down the data into data packets.
• This layer makes sure data is sent and received in the correct order and re-assembled at the destination without errors.

Question 20

2nd Layer of TCP/IP Model:

Answer 20

• Network/Internet Layer
• IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets.
• The optimal route for the data to take is calculated in this layer.

Question 21

1st Layer of TCP/IP Model:

Answer 21

• Data Link
• Ethernet sets out the format of data packets.
• This layer handles transmission errors and passes data to the physical layer.