protists & fungi

Question 1

protists

Answer 1

taxonomic groups that consists of eukaryotic organisms

Question 2

protist characteristics (5)

Answer 2

most are unicellular
can be autotrophs or heterotrophs
can form symbiotic relationships or be free-living
reproduce asexually
found in moist environments generally

Question 3

protists characterized into 3 categories:

Answer 3

plant-like
fungus-like
animal-like

Question 4

plant-like protists

Answer 4

photosynthetic autotrophs found in water
contain chloroplasts
use photosynthesis as food source

Question 5

plant-like protists examples

Answer 5

red algae
euglenoids

Question 6

fungus-like protists

Answer 6

slime molds or water molds
similar to kingdom fungi
fungus-like protists reproduce via spores
do NOT contain chitin
heterotrophic- includes decomposers & saprobes that feed on non-living organic matter

Question 7

animal-like protists also known as

Answer 7

protozoa

Question 8

how are protozoa categorized

Answer 8

based on motility
have cilia or flagella

Question 9

animal-like protists

Answer 9

capable of movement
single-celled
heterotrophic
some can engulf and feed on algae, fungi, and bacteria via phagocytosis

Question 10

animal-like protist examples

Answer 10

amoebas
ciliates

Question 11

amoeba

Answer 11

use pseudopodia for movement

Question 12

what are pseudopodia

Answer 12

temporary arm-like projections that emerge towards the direction of movement
consists mainly of cytoplasm

Question 13

fungi structures

Answer 13

uni or multicellular
cell walls contain chitin

Question 14

sporangium

Answer 14

multicellular organ where meiosis occurs, and haploid cells (spores) are formed

Question 15

rhizoids

Answer 15

small branching hyphae that anchors structures to the ground

Question 16

are fungi composed of tissues

Answer 16

NO
lack specialized conducting cells

Question 17

mycelium

Answer 17

network of fungi filaments (hyphae) that connect fungi together

Question 18

mycelium characteristics

Answer 18

secrete enzymes that break down organic matter
releases nutrients for absorption by hyphae
allows fungi to be effective decomposers

Question 19

are mycelium heterotrophic or autotrophic

Answer 19

heterotrophic saprophytes

Question 20

2 fungi types

Answer 20

non-filamentous
filamentous

Question 21

non-filamentous fungi

Answer 21

unicellular - includes yeast
asexual reproduction by budding via mitosis - replicate genetic material and pinch off a portion of cytoplasm and cell membrane to form a new cell

Question 22

filamentous fungi

Answer 22

multicellular - includes molds and mushrooms
sexual or asexual reproduction
mushrooms grow outward from mycelium

Question 23

hyphae

Answer 23

filamentous branches produced by multicellular fungi as they grow

Question 24

2 types of hyphae

Answer 24

septate
coenocytic

Question 25

septate hyphae

Answer 25

have septa - cell walls that separate hyphae

Question 26

coenocytic hyphae

Answer 26

no division of hyphae - no cytokinesis during cell division multinucleated

Question 27

reproduction

Answer 27

can reproduce sexually, asexually, or both haploid for most of their life cycle

Question 28

steps of reproduction sexual reproduction

Answer 28

1/5. plasmogamy ~heterokaryotic stage~ 2. karyogamy ~zygote 2n~ 3. meiosis ~spores 1n~ 4. germination ~mycelium~

Question 29

steps of reproduction asexual reproduction

Answer 29

mycelium >> spore-producing structures >> ~spores 1n~ >> germination >> mycelium

Question 30

plasmogamy

Answer 30

fusion of cytoplasm

Question 31

karyogamy

Answer 31

fusion of nuclei