plants Flashcards
plantae classification (6)
thallophytes
bryophytes
tracheophytes
angiosperms
monocots
dicots
thallophytes
simplest form of a plant with no specialized vascular system
aquatic
bryophytes
aquatic and land habitats
dominant gametophyte stage - haploid 1n
examples of byrophytes
mosses
liverworts
hornworts
tracheophytes
grow vertically and tall
dominant sporophyte stage - diploid 2n
tracheophytes examples
ferns
pine trees
ferns
seedless flagellates with independent sporophyte and gametophyte stages
are pine trees seedless
NO
seed-bearing
angiosperms
undergo double fertilization
most diverse land-based plant
non-flagellated male gametes
produce flowers
have pollen
bear their seeds in fruits
monocots
one cotyledon
parallel veins
scattered vascular bundles
fibrous root system
flower parts in multiples of 3
examples of monocots
lilies and kentucky bluegrass
dicots
two cotyledons
net-like veins
ringed vascular bundles
large single tap root
flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
example of dicot
oak tree
how to classify plants
- plant body - thallophyte or no
- vascular system - bryophytes or tracheophytes
- seed formation - seedless or seed-bearing tracheophytes
»_space; seedless - pterophytes or lycophytes
»_space; seed-bearing - flowers - gymnosperms or angiosperms
»_space; angiosperms - monocots or dicots
pterophytes examples
horsetail
fern
lycophytes examples
club and spike moss
cotyledon
tissue involved in nutrient storage during the embryonic stage of a plant
angiosperm lifecyle
- meiosis in ovary (female)
- mitotic divisions produce female gametophyte
- meiosis within anther
- mitotic divisions produce male gametophyte
- microspore develops into pollen grain
- pollen tube elongates through the style
- double fertilization occurs
- zygote develops into embryo
- meiosis in ovary (female)
megasporocyte, the megaspore mother cells (2n) are converted into 4 megaspore (n) in meiosis
- mitotic divisions produce female gametophyte
one megaspore (n) survives and undergoes mitosis once fertilized to produce the egg cell and polar nuclei
- 2 synergid cells help flank the cell and help attract/guide pollen tube to the female gametophyte
- antipodal cells: unknown function
- meiosis within anther
microsporocytes (2n)»_space; 4 microspores (n) via meiosis
- mitotic divisions produce male gametophyte
microspore undergoes mitosis producing male gametophyte (n)
- microspore develops into pollen grain
male gametophyte (n) contains generative cell (forms into 2 sperm) and tube cell (forms into pollen tube)
- pollen tube elongates through the style
upon reaching the ovule, 2 sperm are discharged