Organelles + Transport

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

contains the cell’s DNA and coordinates cell activities such as protein synthesis and reprodution

Question 2

what is the equivalent of the nucleus in prokaryotes

Answer 2

nucleoid

Question 3

nucleolus

Answer 3

site of rRNA (ribosome) synthesis

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

fluid-filled area in which the cell’s metabolic activities occurs
also includes the organelles

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

double layered
makes ATP
site of fatty acid catabolism
has its own circular DNA and ribosomes

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

made of rRNA
makes proteins

Question 7

Rough ER

Answer 7

has ribosomes attached to the structure
functions to synthesize and store proteins

Question 8

Smooth ER

Answer 8

functions to synthesize lipids and steroid hormones for export

Question 9

golgi

Answer 9

modifies and packages proteins
i.e. glycosylate polypeptides

Question 10

lysosomes

Answer 10

made by golgi
functions in apoptosis and break down of nutrients, bacteria, cell debris

Question 11

peroxisomes

Answer 11

common in liver and kidney
function to breakdown substances

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

maintains cell shape and movement

Question 13

what 3 things are part of cytoskeleton

Answer 13

microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

Question 14

microtubules

Answer 14

composed of tubulin
support cell and mobility for cell activities
includes centrioles, cilia, flagella

Question 15

centrioles

Answer 15

development of spindle fibers for cell division

Question 16

cilia

Answer 16

short hair like extensions from cell for movement

Question 17

flagella

Answer 17

thread like extensions from cell for movement

Question 18

intermediate filaments

Answer 18

maintain cell shape

Question 19

microfilaments

Answer 19

composed of actin
used for cell motility

Question 20

vacoules

Answer 20

vesicles inside cell that move materials and are membrane bound

Question 21

ECM

Answer 21

function to provide mechanical support and helps bind adjacent cells

Question 22

what is most abundant in ECM

Answer 22

collagen

Question 23

cell walls

Answer 23

found in plants
provide support

Question 24

plastids

Answer 24

found in plants
variety of organelles serving various metabolic activities such as chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 25

traits of prokaryotes (5)

Answer 25

1. no nucleus 2. single, circular, naked, double-stranded DNA 3. ribosomes (30S + 50S = 70S) 4. cell walls = peptidoglycan; archaea = polysaccharides >> many have sticky capsules on the cell all 5. flagella constructed from flagellin (not microtubules)

Question 26

phospholipid membrane permeability

Answer 26

allows small, uncharged, hydrophobic molecules to freely pass the membrane anything larger, polar, charged requires a transporter

Question 27

cholesterol in the cell membrane

Answer 27

regulates fluidity of cell membrane increased temp = decreased fluidity

Question 28

channel proteins

Answer 28

passage through the membrane for hydrophilic (water-soluble), polar, charged substances

Question 29

ion channel

Answer 29

voltage-, ligand-, or mechanically-gated

Question 30

porins

Answer 30

less specific pass ions and polar molecules

Question 31

carrier proteins

Answer 31

changes shape after binding to specific molecule that enables it be passed around

Question 32

transport proteins

Answer 32

proteins that can use ATP to transport materials across the membrane includes active transport and facilitated diffusion

Question 33

passive transport (no ATP; down gradient)

Answer 33

includes simple diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, plasmolysis, facilitated diffusion, and countercurrent exchange

Question 34

active transport (ATP; against gradient)

Answer 34

solutes like small ions, amino acids, monosaccharides

Question 35

endocytosis includes what 3 things

Answer 35

phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 36

phagocytosis

Answer 36

plasma membrane invaginates around undissolved material (solid)

Question 37

pinocytosis

Answer 37

plasma membrane invaginates around dissolved material (liquid)

Question 38

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 38

form of pinocytosis specific molecules called ligands bind to receptors

Question 39

hypertonic

Answer 39

higher solute concentration

Question 40

hypotonic

Answer 40

lower solute concentration

Question 41

isotonic

Answer 41

equal solute concentration

Question 42

anchoring junction

Answer 42

includes desmosomes connects 2 cells together

Question 43

tight junction

Answer 43

encircles each cell producing a seal that prevents the passage of materials between cells characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract

Question 44

gap junction

Answer 44

narrow tunnels between animal cells allows passage of ions and small molecules