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T DAT > Organelles + Transport > Flashcards

Organelles + Transport Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus

A

contains the cell’s DNA and coordinates cell activities such as protein synthesis and reprodution

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2
Q

what is the equivalent of the nucleus in prokaryotes

A

nucleoid

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3
Q

nucleolus

A

site of rRNA (ribosome) synthesis

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid-filled area in which the cell’s metabolic activities occurs
also includes the organelles

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

double layered
makes ATP
site of fatty acid catabolism
has its own circular DNA and ribosomes

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6
Q

ribosomes

A

made of rRNA
makes proteins

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7
Q

Rough ER

A

has ribosomes attached to the structure
functions to synthesize and store proteins

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8
Q

Smooth ER

A

functions to synthesize lipids and steroid hormones for export

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9
Q

golgi

A

modifies and packages proteins
i.e. glycosylate polypeptides

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10
Q

lysosomes

A

made by golgi
functions in apoptosis and break down of nutrients, bacteria, cell debris

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11
Q

peroxisomes

A

common in liver and kidney
function to breakdown substances

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12
Q

cytoskeleton

A

maintains cell shape and movement

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13
Q

what 3 things are part of cytoskeleton

A

microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

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14
Q

microtubules

A

composed of tubulin
support cell and mobility for cell activities
includes centrioles, cilia, flagella

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15
Q

centrioles

A

development of spindle fibers for cell division

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16
Q

cilia

A

short hair like extensions from cell for movement

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17
Q

flagella

A

thread like extensions from cell for movement

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18
Q

intermediate filaments

A

maintain cell shape

19
Q

microfilaments

A

composed of actin
used for cell motility

20
Q

vacoules

A

vesicles inside cell that move materials and are membrane bound

21
Q

ECM

A

function to provide mechanical support and helps bind adjacent cells

22
Q

what is most abundant in ECM

A

collagen

23
Q

cell walls

A

found in plants
provide support

24
Q

plastids

A

found in plants
variety of organelles serving various metabolic activities such as chloroplasts for photosynthesis

25
Q

traits of prokaryotes (5)

A
  1. no nucleus
  2. single, circular, naked, double-stranded DNA
  3. ribosomes (30S + 50S = 70S)
  4. cell walls = peptidoglycan; archaea = polysaccharides&raquo_space; many have sticky capsules on the cell all
  5. flagella constructed from flagellin (not microtubules)
26
Q

phospholipid membrane permeability

A

allows small, uncharged, hydrophobic molecules to freely pass the membrane
anything larger, polar, charged requires a transporter

27
Q

cholesterol in the cell membrane

A

regulates fluidity of cell membrane
increased temp = decreased fluidity

28
Q

channel proteins

A

passage through the membrane for hydrophilic (water-soluble), polar, charged substances

29
Q

ion channel

A

voltage-, ligand-, or mechanically-gated

30
Q

porins

A

less specific
pass ions and polar molecules

31
Q

carrier proteins

A

changes shape after binding to specific molecule that enables it be passed around

32
Q

transport proteins

A

proteins that can use ATP to transport materials across the membrane
includes active transport and facilitated diffusion

33
Q

passive transport (no ATP; down gradient)

A

includes simple diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, plasmolysis, facilitated diffusion, and countercurrent exchange

34
Q

active transport (ATP; against gradient)

A

solutes like small ions, amino acids, monosaccharides

35
Q

endocytosis includes what 3 things

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

36
Q

phagocytosis

A

plasma membrane invaginates around undissolved material (solid)

37
Q

pinocytosis

A

plasma membrane invaginates around dissolved material (liquid)

38
Q

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

form of pinocytosis
specific molecules called ligands bind to receptors

39
Q

hypertonic

A

higher solute concentration

40
Q

hypotonic

A

lower solute concentration

41
Q

isotonic

A

equal solute concentration

42
Q

anchoring junction

A

includes desmosomes
connects 2 cells together

43
Q

tight junction

A

encircles each cell producing a seal that prevents the passage of materials between cells
characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract

44
Q

gap junction

A

narrow tunnels between animal cells
allows passage of ions and small molecules

T DAT (9 decks)

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