protists

Question 1

what is a synapomorphy for a eukarya?

Answer 1

nuclear envelope

Question 2

what type if group is a protist?

Answer 2

paraphyletic group

Question 3

where do protists tend to live?

Answer 3

in environments surrounded by water.

Question 4

one of the worlds most infectious diseases that is a protists

Answer 4

malaria

Question 5

the name if the species that is malaria

Answer 5

plasmodium

Question 6

why does shellfish poisoning occur?

Answer 6

Algal blooms release toxins that shellfish filter out as food and then we eat the shellfish

Question 7

photosynthetic protists that cause harmful algal blooms

Answer 7

dinoflagellates

Question 8

the main species at the base of food chains in aquatic environments are

Answer 8

protists ( one of which includes plankton)

Question 9

proposes that mitochondria originated when a bacterial cell took up residence in another cell about 2 billion years ago

Answer 9

endosymbiosis theory

Question 10

what is a protist?

Answer 10

all eukaryotes excluding fungi, land plants, and animals

Question 11

organelles that whip back and forth to produce swimming movements

Answer 11

flagellum

Question 12

diatoms and other organisms that drift in open oceans or lakes

Answer 12

plankton

Question 13

many species at the base of food chains in aquatic environments are..

Answer 13

protists

Question 14

major protists

Answer 14

ameobozoa
opisthokonta
excavata
plantae
rhizaria 
alveolata
stramenophila

Question 15

what is one synapomorphy of am ameobozoa?

Answer 15

cells lack walls

Question 16

ameobozoa include the species of

Answer 16

plasmodial slim molds

Question 17

key traits of excavata

Answer 17

• “excavated” feeding grooves found on the side of the cell

- most lack a typical mitochondria

Question 18

key features if plantae

Answer 18

cells have chloroplast with double membranes

Question 19

where did plantae come from?

Answer 19

a common ancestor that engulfed a Cyanobacteria–> chloroplast (yay!)

Question 20

what are some features of rhizaria?

Answer 20

-they are single felled amoebae that lack cell walls (though some have shell- like coverings)

Question 21

what are some key traits of alveolata?

Answer 21

small sacks, called alveoli, that are located just under their plasma membranes

Question 22

what is a key trait of stramenophila?

Answer 22

if flagella are present- cells usually have 2- one of which is covered with hairlike projections

Question 23

protists have…

Answer 23

1. )either a mitochondria or genes that are normally found in a mitochondria
2. ) a nucleus or endomembrane system
3. ) a cytoskeleton

Question 24

endosymbiosis

Answer 24

occurs when an organism of one species lives inside the cells of another species

Question 25

symbiosis

Answer 25

when organisms of two species live in physical contact

Question 26

the hypothesis of how the nuclear envelope evolved

Answer 26

infolding the plasma membrane to surround the chromosome

Question 27

three ways in which protists can obtain food

Answer 27

1. ingesting packets of food (phagocytosis) 2. absorbing food molecules from the environment 3. preforming photosynthesis

Question 28

pseudopodia

Answer 28

finger like projections that allow phagocytosis to occur

Question 29

the origin of the chloroplast is hypothesized to be...

Answer 29

from when a protist engulfed a Cyanobacteria ( aka primary endosymbiosis)

Question 30

secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 30

when an organism engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryote and retained it's chloroplast

Question 31

where did sexual reproduction originate?

Answer 31

protists

Question 32

when meiosis occurs in a diploid cell...

Answer 32

it results in two haploid cells

Question 33

phagocytosis can occur...

Answer 33

only if there is no cell wall

Question 34

how can protist be divided into two groups?

Answer 34

uni or bikonta | - one or two flagella