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Life Science 1 > green algea and land plants > Flashcards

green algea and land plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

key traits among green algae and land plants

A
  • chloroplast have Chlorophyll a and b and accessory pigment B-carotene
  • have similar arrangements (thylakoids)
  • cell walls, sperm and perosisomes have similar structure
  • starch as a storage product
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2
Q

no vascular plants

A

don’t have vascular tissue

eg. mosses

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3
Q

seedless vascular plants

A

have vascular tissue but no seeds

eg ferns

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4
Q

what do seedless vascular plants do to reproduce?

A

they make microscopic spores that are carried by the wind

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5
Q

a watertight barrier that coats above ground parts of plants and helps then resist drying

A

cuticle

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6
Q

encases spores and pollen from modern land plants and helps them resist drying

A

sporopollenim

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7
Q

spore producing structures

A

sporangia

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8
Q

the second major interval in the fossil record of land plants (475 MYA)

A

Silurian- Devonian explosion

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9
Q

what evolved in the Silurian- Devonian explosion? (416 MYA)

A

most major morphological innovations: stomata, vascular tissue, roots, leaves

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10
Q

the third interval in the fossil history of plants (359 MYA)

A

Carboniferous period

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11
Q

what was significant about the Carboniferous period?

A
  • -> lots of lycophytes and horsetails( seedless vascular plants)
  • -> extensive coal-forming swamps
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12
Q

4th interval of land plant history(299 MYA)

A

gymnosperms abundant:

both wet and dry environments blanketed with green plants for the first time

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13
Q

fifth interval in the history of land plants ( still occurring started 145 MYA)

A

angiosperms abundant (diversification of flowering plants)

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14
Q

what does the fact that land plants are monophyletic tell you?

A

there was only one successful transition from freshwater environments to land

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15
Q

what is backs up the statement:

“vascular tissue evolved once?”

A

the fact that seedless vascular plants are paraphyletic, but the vascular plants as a whole are monophyletic

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16
Q

what’s so great about moving to land for plants?

A

more light and more Carbon dioxide!

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17
Q

an opening on a plants surrounded by a specialized guard cell

A

stomata

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18
Q

opening in a plant

A

pore

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19
Q

what were the three main problems for plants to be able to live on land?

A
  1. water loss
  2. harmful UV light
  3. ) transporting water with in plant
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20
Q

how did plants evolve to be resistant to harmful UVs?

A

they produce compounds called flavonoids to protect their DNA from damage ( made there own sunscreen!!)

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21
Q

the presence of—- in cell wall of water- conducting cells in considered the defining feature of vascular tissue

A

LIGNIN

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22
Q

advanced water-conducting cells

A

Tracheids

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23
Q

what do tracheostomy consist of?

A
  • -> a thickened, lignin contains secondary wall
  • -> celluloid based primary wall
  • -> pits to flow from one tracheid to the next
24
Q

what’s the difference between tracheid and vessel elements?

A

in a vessel element the pits are replaced by gaps (reduces resistance and makes water movement more efficient)

25
Q

specialized reproductive organs in plants that protect gametes from drying out and from mechanical damage

A

gametangium

26
Q

a sperm producing gametangium

A

antheridium

27
Q

an egg producing gametangium

A

archegonium

28
Q

embryophyta

A

basically plant pregnancy!

29
Q

the multicellular haploid stage

A

gametophyte

30
Q

the multicellular diploid stage

A

sporophyte

31
Q

what’s significant about alternation of generations?

A

gamete formation results from mitosis

32
Q

in nonvascular plants the sporophyte is…

A

small and short lived

33
Q

what is the dominant part of the life cycle for nonvascular plants?

A

gametophyte

34
Q

the production of two distinct types of spores by different structures

A

heterospory

35
Q

no vascular plants and most seedless vascular plants have — spores

A

bisexual

36
Q

develop into male gametophytes, which produce small gametes card sperm

A

microspores

37
Q

develop onto female gametophytes which produce the large gametes called eggs

A

megaspores

38
Q

the stamen contains the

A

anther

39
Q

in the anther…

A

microsporangia-> microspores -> pollen grains

40
Q

the carpel contains the

A

ovary

41
Q

in the ovary

A

ovules are formed

42
Q

the involvement of two sperm nuclei

A

double fertilization

43
Q

two types of angiosperm

A

monocots and dicots

44
Q

stores nutrients and supplies them to developing embryonic plants

A

cotyledon

45
Q

dicots have… and monocots have..

A

dicots have 2 cotyledons and monocots have 1 cotyledon

46
Q

monocots are part of the dicot monophyletic group. Their overall group is called…

A

eudicots!

47
Q

all non vascular plants and seedless vascular plants have— sperm

A

flagellated sperm– they swim!

spores can also be dispersed by wind

48
Q

what’s great about plants in terms of CO2 and global warming?

A

plants fix much more CO2 than they release.

49
Q

nonvascular plants

A

bryophytes

50
Q

what did the first land plant ( a liverwort) lack?

A

guard cells

51
Q

types if green algae

A

ulvophytes
coleochates
stonewarts

52
Q

types of nonvascular plants

A

liverwarts
mosses
hornworts

53
Q

types of seedless vascular plants

A

lycophytes
whisk ferns
ferns
horse tails

54
Q

types of gymnosperms

A

ginkos
cycads
pines

55
Q

in ferns and other vascular plants the —- is much larger and longer lived than the —-

A

sporophyte

gametophyte

56
Q

a triploid nutritive tissue

A

endosperm

Life Science 1 (10 decks)

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