protists Flashcards
Protists are the ______ but most _________ eukaryotes.
simplest; diverse
Protists have what kind of organelles?
membranous
Protists participate in what kind of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside another?
endosymbiosis
What are the two parts of the endosymbiotic hypothesis of protists?
- Aerobic bacteria became mitochondria
- Cyanobacterium became chloroplasts
What three ways do protists gain nutrients and how do they work?
- Photoautotrophic: synthesize organic compounds through photosynthesize
- Heterotrophic: obtain organic compounds from environment
- Mixotrophic: use autotrophic and heterotrophic means of gaining nutrition
What ways do protists reproduce?
Sexually and asexually
What dormant phases of protist life cycle do protists form to survive when conditions are unfavorable? (Parasitic protists form these to transfer to a new host)
cysts
Why are protists an enormous ecological importance?
Foundation of food chain in both freshwater & saltwater ecosystems
Protists are a major component of what?
plankton
Protists are complex, diverse, difficult to classify, and not _________.
monophyletic
Supergroup isn a taxonomic group below _________ and above _________.
domain; kingdom
What are the 6 supergroups of protists?
- Excavata
- Chromalveolata
- Rhizaria
- Archaeplastida
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
What supergroup
-has atypical or absent mitochondria
-distinctive flagella and/or deep oral grooves
-includes diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans
Excavata
What supergroup
- Contains Alveolates
1. Have alveoli (small air sacs) lying behind their plasma membrane
2. Single-celled organism
Includes: Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates
often found as part of plankton
-Contains Stramenopiles
1. Two flagella
2. Presence of stiff tripartite external hairs
3. Most single-celled; some multicellular
Includes: Diatoms, golden brown algae, brown algae, & oomycetes
Chromalveolata
What produces a powerful neurotoxin that causes massive fish kills and can cause respiratory paralysis in humans? (Decreases amount of nutrients washed into ecosystem)
The Red Tide
What supergroup
- has groups placed together based on rRNA sequence
-Do not share many morphological traits
-Thin, threadlike pseudopods: cytoplasmic extension; used for locomotion and engulfing food
-Many produce a shell
-Includes: Cercozoa, Forminiferans, Radiolarians
Rhizaria
What supergroup
-Contain plastids that originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria (chloroplasts)
-Multicellular and unicellular organisms
-Include: Red Algae, Green Algae, Land plants
Archaeplastida
What supergroup
-Move by pseudopods
-Pseudopods form microfilaments contacts & extends as cytoplasm streams toward particular direction
-Aquatic environments
-Often part of plankton
-Includes: Amoeboids & slime molds
Amoebozoa
What supergroup
-Flagellate cells
-Multicellular or single-celled
-Choanoflagellates are single-celled as well as colonial protists
-Includes: Animals, fungi, and several closely related protists
Opisthokonta
