Protista

Question 1

**Domain Eukarya **
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
- All Unicellular or multicellular
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- _________________
- Membrane-bound ______________
***Kingdom Protista
-NOT plants, animals, or fungi
(_____________ eukaryotes)

Answer 1

-nucleus
-organelles
(synapomorphies^^)

simplest

Question 2

Characteristics of Protists
-Eukaryotic
-Mostly ___________
- Some algae multicellular (red and brown)
-Some autotrophic (algae)
-Some heterotrophic (protozoans)
-Some decomposers
-Most are ______________
-Freshwater & marine

Answer 2

-unicellular
-aquatic

Question 3

Characteristics of Protists
Protists
-lack plant structures like _____, stems, and _______- or structures that encase developing embryos
-lack animal features like ______, heart, nerve cells, & ____________________

Answer 3

-roots
-leaves
-limbs
-internal digestive tract

Question 4

Characteristics of Protists
-protists make up _________.
-HETEROtroph plankton= zooplankton
-AUTOtrophic plankton= phytoplankton
-Some are free-living and motile; some are not
-Pseudopodia, flagella, cilia
-Some are parasitic
-some cause disease
(i.e. ________)

Answer 4

-plankton
-malaria

Question 5

Modes of Reproduction
Asexual (____ _______)
Sexual when environment _________
-Allows recombination
-genetically diverse offspring more likely to survive

Answer 5

-most common
-stressful

Question 6

-Diversity of protists makes them difficult to classify
-“Kingdom Protista” does not represent a _________ ______.
-multiple lineages
-Should separate __________ (?)
-how to divide Kingdom Protista is not likely clear

Answer 6

-monophyletic group
-kingdoms

Question 7

Green Algae
-green color due to presence of chlorophyll a,b
-mostly freshwater (few marine)
-grow in large mats on surface of lakes and ponds
-some on land (moist areas)
-similar to plants
-photosynthetic
-cell walls made of _________.
-arose 500-600 mya (ancestor to _________)

Answer 7

-cellulose
-plants

algae and plants are sister groups

Question 8

Diatoms
-___ _______ unicellular organism in oceans
-marine and freshwater
-phytoplankton (chlorophyll a&c)
-____ _____ composed of silica
-geometrical shapes and patterns
-make _____% of O2 produced on Earth each year
-economic importance (filtering agents, gentle abrasives)

Answer 8

-most numerous
-cell walls
-20%

*foundational food web in oceans

Question 9

Red Algae
-Reddish
-pigments (phycobilin)
-chlorophyll a
-Most are _______ and ___________.
-Eaten in some parts of world
(Asia)
-Economic importance
*Agar (drug/vitamin capsules, jellies)
-Lab media for growing bacteria and other organisms

Answer 9

-marine
-multicellular

Question 10

Brown Algae
-Brownish
-chlorophyll a, c, and other pigments (carotenoids)
-most are marine, multicellular, large (50-100m)
-includes kelps and other types of “________”
-Rocky coasts
-don’t dry out (water retaining material)
-algin (smooth consistency)
-__________, _________

Answer 10

-“seaweed”
-cream cheese, ice cream

Question 11

Dinoflagellates
-marine and freshwater
-very __________ (30,000 mililiter) -most are unicellular
*_____ flagella
-chlorophyll a & c
-some lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic
-cellulose plates covering with _______

Answer 11

-abundant
-2
-silica

Question 12

Protozoans:
-animal-like heterorophic unicellular organisms
-classified by ________ ____ _________.

Answer 12

-structures used for movement

Question 13

Amoeboids:
-freshwater and marine
-heterotrophic and motile
-__________- cytoplasmic extensions
-no _______ ________
-move and ingest their food with pseudopods
-Phagocytosis- _____ _____ by extending pseudopodia around prey, cytoplasm form vacuole, enzymes released to digest prey

Answer 13

-pseudopods “fake feet”
- defined shape
-engulf food

Question 14

Flagellates:
-freshwater and marine
-flagella- whip like structure for _________&________
*Solitary, colonial, or parasitic
-heterotrophic and autotrophic
-some contain __________- __________(ex. Euglena, dinoflagellates, Volvox)
-Some symbiotic (ex. Triconympha)
-Some parasitic : ex. Giardia, African Trypanosoma)

Answer 14

-locomotion and senses
-chlorophyll-photosynthetic

Question 15

Ciliates
-heterotrophic, freshwater
-Cilia- tiny ___-___ __________ move in coordinated rhythm
-cilia used for locomotion, feeding and touch
-Have __ ______: a large macronucleus and one or many micronuclei
-Macronucleus: regulate ___ ________
-micronuclei: ______ __________
-ex. paramecium, balantidium, coleps, vorticella, stentor

Answer 15

-hair-like projections
-2 nuclei
-cell functions
-sexual reproduction

Question 16

Sporozoans:
-___-_______ (no flagella, cilia or pseudopodia)
-unicellular
-________ to animals
-forms spores that develop into a mature adult
-contain structure _____ __________- secretes enzymes so sporozoans can enter host
-Plasmodium parasite (spread by mosquitoes) causes _________

Answer 16

-non-motile
-parasitic
-apical complex
-malaria