Plant Diversity Bryophytes

Question 1

Plant Diversity
-Land plants (including the sea grasses) evolved from a certain ____ _______ (charophyceans)
- >_______ plant species on Earth today
-Most in _________ environments (deserts, grasslands, forests)
-Some have returned to _______ habitats (ex. sea grasses)

Answer 1

-green algae
-390,000
-terrestrial
-aquatic

Plants evolved from algae 500 mya.

Question 2

Eukaryotic Diversity: Plants
Characteristics of plants
-Eukaryotic, ________, photosynthetic
-Pigments: chlorophyll _______
-Cell walls: _______
-Carbohydrate storage: _______
-Developing _______ protected by tissues parent plant
-Alternation of ______________

Answer 2

-multicellular
-A & B
-cellulose
-starch
-embryos
-generations

Question 3

Plant Evolution
-Prerequisites for survival
_________ for energy.
CO2
Water
Inorganic nutrients
- Coping with life on the land
-_______ and ____ readily available
-But water?
-_______________
-Need ____ and nutrients to support metabolism and reproduction

Answer 3

-SUNLIGHT
(photosynthesis)
-sunlight
-CO2
-desiccation (drying out)
-water

Question 4

Eukaryotic Diversity: Plants
Challenges of a terrestrial environment
-Desiccation (________) - cuticle (_____ covering)
-Stomata: for _____ and ____ diffusion
-Protection of embryo from desiccation
-Embryo within ______ reproductive structure
-Water and nutrients- _____________(vascular tissue)

Answer 4

-drying out
-waxy
-water
-gas
-female
-transport system

Question 5

Eukaryotic Diversity: Plants
Plant Diversity
A. Nonvascular plants (seedless) _________
B. Vascular plants
1. Seedless Vascular plants
2. Seed plants
a. Gymnosperms
b. Angiosperms

Answer 5

-bryophytes

Question 6

Eukaryotic Diversity: Plants
Nonvascular, seedless plants
-______ terrestrial plants (transitional plants)
-______ true roots, stems, or leaves (conductive tissue)
-Diffusion of nutrients and water (cell to cell)
-found in _____ areas
-_______, live close to ground
-most <20cm in height
-need _____ for reproduction

Answer 6

-earliest
-lack
-moist
-small
-water

Question 7

Bryophytes
Three phyla of bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
-_______ (bryophyta)
-_________ (Hepatophyta)
-________ (Anthocerophyta)

Answer 7

-mosses
-liverworts
-hornworts

Question 8

Bryophytes
-_____________ of lightweight spores distributed bryophytes around the world
-common in moist forests and wetlands
-can inhabit ________ environments (mountaintops, tundra, deserts)

Answer 8

-wind dispersal
-extreme

Question 9

Mosses (Bryophyta)
-15,000 species
-arctic region to tropics
-most in temperate regions (________ areas)
-can store _____ quantities of water and go dormant during ______
-can _____ _____ of its water but rehydrate and reactivate cells when moisture becomes available

Answer 9

-damp, shaded
-high
-drought
-lose most

Question 10

Mosses (Bryophyta)
-Have “____” shoot
-_____ sporophyte (long lived) consists of foot, stalk, and sporangium
-sporangium- site of ______ and _______ production
- one sporangium can generate over __________ spores

Answer 10

-leafy
-dependent
-meiosis
-spore
-50 million

Question 11

Nonvascular Plants
-Sporophyte is ___________
-cannot ________ from maternal gametophyte
-attached to parental gametophyte throughout sporophyte lifetime
-depends on __________ for sugars, amino acids, minerals, and water
-Bryophytes have smallest and _______ sporophytes of all modern _____________

Answer 11

-photosynthesis
-live apart
-gametophytes
-simplest
-plant groups

Question 12

Hornworts (Anthocerophyta)
- ~___ species
-Gametophyte is a ribbon-like thallus
-Tall sporophyte (long lived, remains _______, _________)
-Photosynthetic ____________ grow inside thallus, giving hornwort a distinctive blue-green color
*symbiotic relationship

Answer 12

-100
-attached
-photosynthetic
-cyanobacteria

Question 13

Liverworts (Hepatophyta)
-Liverworts (10,000 species)
-Body flattened thallus or _____ appearance
-Sporophyte _____ lived, _______________
-Rhizoids (root-like structures
-________ plants, absorbs some nutrients/water
-gemma cup

Answer 13

-leafy
-short
-lacks chlorophyll
-anchors

Question 14

Alternation of Generations
Nonvascular plants

Gametophyte
-_____ (1n)
-reproduce _______
-produce _____ (1n) (via mitosis)
-either ______ or ______
-Antheridium (makes _____)
-Archegonia (makes ____)
-Most noticeable, dominant phase of _______ life cycle

Answer 14

-haploid
-sexually
-gametes
-male
-female
-sperm
-eggs
-bryophyte

Question 15

Alternation of Generations
Nonvascular Plants

Sporophyte
-Diploid (2n)
-Reproduce ________
-Produce ______ (__n) (via meiosis)
-Sporangium (makes spores)
-Attached to parents gametophyte for ______________
-______, tucked inside female

Answer 15

-asexually
-spores
-1n
-water and nutrients
-small

Question 16

Alternation of Generations
1. Gametophyte (haploid)
-Gametophytes produce gametes (____________)
2. Fusion of egg and sperm during fertilization form a ______ zygote
3. Sporophyte (___n)
4. Meiosis in sporophyte
-Produces __n ______
5. Mitotic division of plant spore produces new ____________

Answer 16

-egg and sperm
-diploid
-2n
-1n spores
-gametophyte

Question 17

Sporophyte
-meiosis produces ______

Gametophyte
-mitosis produces _______

Answer 17

-spores
-gametes