Protien Flashcards
Proteins are polymers of
Amino acids
What will be responsible for the proteins shape
The side chain
How many amino acids there are
20
What will determine how the amino acids interact
The side chain
What are the différents groups of the side chain
-Alphatic amino acids
- amino acid with sulfur or hydroxyl side chain
- cyclic amino acid
- aromatic amino acid
- basic amino acids (+)
- acidic amino acid and their amines
What are the essential amino acids in human
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Theorize
Tryptophan
Valine
Histidine
What are the non standard amino acids
Homocysteine
Taurine
L-DOPA
Hydroxyproline
What are the function of proteins
Proteins make up the cellular machinery that makes metabolism possible
The protein pool in the body is continuously turned over - we don’t keep proteins
Insulin receptor
Proteins are dynamic and interactive molecules. When the insulin binds to the insulin the configuration changes it starts a signalling cascade
In the hemoglobin what hold the heme group with the iron
Histidine hold the gene group with the iron in the middle and that’s how they can maintain their shape in a stable way
Hydrolyzed protein
Used in large scale food manufacturing process
The amino acid composition of protein hydrolysantes depends on the Amino acid composition of the source protein
What are hydrolyzed protein used as
- As a supplement because it is easier for digestion
- Hypoallergenic food
What has Glutamic acid caused
Headaches, numbness and tingling sensation , obesity
What are the sources and manufacture of monosodium glutamate (MSG)
- Hydrolysis of protein
- Chemical synthesis
- Fermentation
Which one is natural L or D glutamate
L glutamate
What foods contain MSG
Fermented foods ( soy sauce, vegemite)
What are the pathways for an allergic reaction
Histamine binds to the receptor, Gqa subunit activates PLC which hydrolyses PIP2 into DAG and IP3. IP3 binds to the IP3R ( inositol triphosphate sensitive receptor) and stimulate calcium release form endoplasmic reticulum. The calcium forms a complex with calmodulin ( CaM) and induces PKC- dependent phosphorylation. This suppresses the activity of potassium voltage gated channels which dépolarises neurons and leads to the augmentation of neural excitability, which manifest as increases pain symptoms
What makes RNA less stable than DNA and why it is good
OH, and it is good because it is easier to control the protein and gene expression so if you need more protein you can just for it more
True or false
We have the same molecule since we are born
False, we have the same sequence but not molecule
RNA serves for what
- Convention of genetic code to amino acids
- Regulator of gene expression
What is the cause of gout
It is a genetically predisposed disease it is caused by high uric acid concentration in the body due to high production or inefficient disposal of uric acid.
High uric acid concentration in the fluid around the joints can lead to what
Formation of urate crystals which irritate and inflame the joint
What is phenylketonuria
Accumulation of phenylalanine because the protein it’s not working properly. It goes to the liver to the blood brain barrier and it can cause a lot of damage
What is aspartame
A common artificial sweeteners composed of aspartic acid and modified phenylalanine
Aspartame is … sweeter than sugar
200 times
