Proteins - Tertiary + Quaternary Structure Flashcards
Tertiary
What can a-helices and ß-pleated sheets be twisted and turned into?
A protein with a unique 3D structure
Tertiary
How is the tertiary structure held in place?
By bonds formed between the R groups on amino acids
Tertiary
What do hydrogen bonds form between?
Polar R groups
Tertiary
What do ionic bonds form between?
Positive and negatively charged R groups
Tertiary
What do disulphide links form between?
Sulphur atoms in R groups
Tertiary
How are the specific 3D structure also determined?
By hydrophilic and hydrophobic R groups
Tertiary
Where do amino acids with hydrophobic R groups tend to be found?
In the centre of the protein
Tertiary
Where do amino acids with hydrophilic R groups tend to be found?
On the outside of the protein
Tertiary
What is the overall 3D structure therefore a result of?
R-group properties and interactions - the primary structure determines the tertiary structure
Tertiary
What is the definition of the tertiary structure of a protein?
It is the overall specific 3D shape of a protein. This is determined by interactions between R groups and properties of R groups
Quaternary
What are some proteins only composed of?
What are many other proteins made up of?
One polypeptide chain
Multiple polypeptide chains
Quaternary
How are the polypeptide chains held together?
Same as tertiary
By hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds + disulphide links
Quaternary
What else may also be associated with polypeptide chains?
Non-protein groups (prosthetic groups)
Quaternary
What do the non-protein groups (prosthetic groups) form?
Conjugated proteins
Quaternary
What does the bonding of different chains and prosthetic groups result in?
The formation of proteins with a unique quaternary structure
Quaternary
What is the definition of the quaternary structure of a protein?
It is the specific 3D shape of the protein that is determined by the multiple polypeptide chains and/or prosthetic groups bonded together
Importance of protein structure
What does the primary structure determine?
What does this allow every protein to do?
The secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures which gives proteins their unique shapes
To carry out a specific function
Importance of protein structure
How can the bond of the structure of proteins be broken?
(2)
Changes in temperature
Changes is pH
Importance of protein structure
What can the changes in in temperature and pH result in?
A Change of shape
Preventing the protein from being able to carry out its function (we say that the protein is denatured)
