Carbs - monosaccharides Flashcards
What does a carbohydrate molecule contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What are the 3 main types of carbs?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
2
Single sugars
And the monomer building blocks for more complex carbs
What are examples of monosaccharides?
3
In our food:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Monosaccharides
How many carbon atoms do glucose, fructose and galactose contain?
6 carbon atoms
What are disaccharides?
Carbs that contain 2 monosaccharides joined together
What are examples of disaccharides?
3
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
What are polysaccharides?
Very large molecules which contain many monosaccharides
What are examples of polysaccharides?
1
Starch
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
C6 H12 O6
What are the 2 isomers of glucose?
a glucose
ß glucose
What makes the 2 glucose isomers different?
The atoms in the glucose are arranged in different ways (isomers)
but the all have the same molecular formula
What are the important uses of carbs?
3
Source of energy
Store energy
Structural function
What is the structural function of carbs?
2
In the cell wall of plant cells:
Provides strength
Provides rigidity
What are the properties of monosaccharides?
2
Soluble
Sweet-tasting
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
(CH2O)n
What are monosaccharides with 3 carbons called?
Triose
What are monosaccharides with 4 carbons called?
Tetrose
What are monosaccharides with 5 carbons called?
Pentose
What are monosaccharides with 6 carbons called?
Hexose
What are 3 common examples of hexose?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
EXAMPLE
The monosaccharide has 4 carbons.
Fill in the blanks:
C? H? O?
C4H8O4
What is glucoses molecular formula?
C6H12O6
Why is glucose an important sugar?
2
Main source of energy in respiration
Used as the building blocks for larger carbs
What is the formula for respiration?
Words
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the formula for respiration?
Symbols
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What are the properties of glucose?
3
Small - so can be easily transported in and out of cells through carrier proteins
Soluble - so can be easily transported around an organism
Less reactive - than other monosaccharides so breakdown must be catalysed and therefore controlled by enzymes
What are isomers?
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
How many carbon atoms does ribose have?
5
What is the molecular formula for ribose?
C5H10O5
What important biological molecules can ribose be found in?
2
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
ATP
