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Biology - Biological Molecules > Carbs - monosaccharides > Flashcards

Carbs - monosaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a carbohydrate molecule contain?

A

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

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2
Q

What are the 3 main types of carbs?

A

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

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3
Q

What are monosaccharides?

2

A

Single sugars

And the monomer building blocks for more complex carbs

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4
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides?

3

A

In our food:

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

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5
Q

Monosaccharides

How many carbon atoms do glucose, fructose and galactose contain?

A

6 carbon atoms

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6
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Carbs that contain 2 monosaccharides joined together

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7
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

3

A

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

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8
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Very large molecules which contain many monosaccharides

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9
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

1

A

Starch

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10
Q

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

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11
Q

What are the 2 isomers of glucose?

A

a glucose

ß glucose

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12
Q

What makes the 2 glucose isomers different?

A

The atoms in the glucose are arranged in different ways (isomers)

but the all have the same molecular formula

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13
Q

What are the important uses of carbs?

3

A

Source of energy

Store energy

Structural function

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13
Q

What is the structural function of carbs?

2

A

In the cell wall of plant cells:

Provides strength

Provides rigidity

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14
Q

What are the properties of monosaccharides?

2

A

Soluble

Sweet-tasting

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15
Q

What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

A

(CH2O)n

16
Q

What are monosaccharides with 3 carbons called?

A

Triose

17
Q

What are monosaccharides with 4 carbons called?

A

Tetrose

18
Q

What are monosaccharides with 5 carbons called?

A

Pentose

19
Q

What are monosaccharides with 6 carbons called?

A

Hexose

20
Q

What are 3 common examples of hexose?

A

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

21
Q

EXAMPLE

The monosaccharide has 4 carbons.
Fill in the blanks:

C? H? O?

A

C4H8O4

22
Q

What is glucoses molecular formula?

A

C6H12O6

23
Q

Why is glucose an important sugar?

2

A

Main source of energy in respiration

Used as the building blocks for larger carbs

24
Q

What is the formula for respiration?

Words

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

25
Q

What is the formula for respiration?

Symbols

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

26
Q

What are the properties of glucose?

3

A

Small - so can be easily transported in and out of cells through carrier proteins

Soluble - so can be easily transported around an organism

Less reactive - than other monosaccharides so breakdown must be catalysed and therefore controlled by enzymes

27
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

28
Q

How many carbon atoms does ribose have?

A

5

29
Q

What is the molecular formula for ribose?

A

C5H10O5

30
Q

What important biological molecules can ribose be found in?

2

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

ATP

Biology - Biological Molecules (18 decks)

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