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Pbio Prelims > Proteins Part 1 > Flashcards

Proteins Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

General formula of proteins

A

CHON
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen and Nitrogen some sulfur

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2
Q

Greek word of protein and its meaning

A

Proteios
Of primary importance

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3
Q

Swedish chemist that described and named in 1839

A

Jons Jakob Berzelius

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4
Q

In 1926 he showed the enzyme urease was a protein

A

James B. Sumner

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5
Q

Basic unit of proteins

A

Amino acids

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6
Q

It is a naturally-occuring, unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids

A

Protein

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7
Q

Most abundant molecules in the cells of humans

A

Protein

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8
Q

Elemental composition of proteins

A

CHON

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9
Q

Average nitrogen content of proteins is

A

15.4%

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10
Q

Present in some specialiazed proteins

A

Iron Fe
Phosphorus P

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11
Q

An organic compound that contains both an amino NH2 and Carboxyl COOH groups attached to same carbon atom

A

Amino acid

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12
Q

the R side chain determines the ___ of amino acids

A

Classification

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13
Q

R side chain may vary

A

In size shape charge acidity functional groups present hydrogen bonding ability and chemical reactivity

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14
Q

Based on common r groups there are

A

20 standard amino acids

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15
Q

r groups are non polar

A

Non polar amino acids

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16
Q

Number of standard amino acids are non polar

A

8 of the 20

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17
Q

R groups are polar

A

Polar amino acids

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18
Q

Three types of polar amino acids

A

Polar neutrak polar acidic and polar basic

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19
Q

R side with 2 COOh

A

Polar acidic

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20
Q

Contains polar but neutral side chains

A

Polar neutral

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21
Q

Contains amino group as part of the side chains

A

Polar basic

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22
Q

Smallest amino acid
Achiral only= no isomerism

A

Glycine

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23
Q

A
ALA

A

Alanine

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24
Q

Arg
R

A

Arginine

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25
Q

ASP
D

A

Aspartic Acid

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26
Q

Asn
N

A

Asparagine

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27
Q

Cys
C

A

Cysteine

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28
Q

Glu
E

A

Glutamic Acid

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29
Q

Gln
Q

A

Glutamine

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30
Q

Gly
G

A

Glycine

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31
Q

His
H

A

Histidine

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32
Q

Ile
I

A

Isoleucine

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33
Q

Leu
L

A

Leucine

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34
Q

Lys
K

A

Lysine

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35
Q

Met
M

A

Methionine

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36
Q

Phe
F

A

Phenylalanine

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37
Q

Pro
P

A

Proline

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38
Q

Ser
S

A

Serine

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39
Q

Thr
T

A

Threonine

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40
Q

Trp
W

A

Tryptophan

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41
Q

Tyr
Y

A

Tyrosine

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42
Q

Val
V

A

Valine

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43
Q

Not synthesized by humans, can only be obtained in Food

A

Essential Amino Acids

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44
Q

It is required for growth in children but is not an essential amino acid for adults

A

Arginine

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45
Q

Essential amino acids for
Adult
Children

A

9-Adult
10- children

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46
Q

Metabolic fates
Exclusively ketogenic

A

K- Lysine
L-leucine

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47
Q

Metabolic fates
Both ketogenic and glucogenic

A

I- isoleucine
T-threonine
W-tryptophan
Y-tyrosine
F- phenylalanine

48
Q

A protein that contains all of the essential amino acids in the same relative amounts in which the body needs them and examples

A

Complete dietary protein

Example Casein from milk and proteins in meat fish and eggs

From animal sources

49
Q

Protein that does not contain adequate amounts relative to the bodys needs of one or more of the essential amino acids

A

Incomplete dietary protein
Protein from plant sources
Gelatin (Arg)

50
Q

Common Limiting amino acid (LAA)

A

Lysine- wheat rice oats
Methionine-beans and peas
Tryptophan-corn and beans

51
Q

Only complete dietary protein from plant

A

Soyq

52
Q

Two or more incomplete dietary proteins that when combined provide an adequate amount of all essential amino acids relative to the body

Example

A

Complementary dietary proteins
Rice and beans

53
Q

Amino acids found in nature as well as in proteins are what isomers?

A

L-isomers

54
Q

Ile and Thr have ___ chiral center

A

2

55
Q

Physical properties of proteins

A

Pure form- white crystalline
Decompose before they melt
Not very soluble in water

56
Q

An ion with positive and negative charges on the same molecule

A

Zwitterion

57
Q

The only standard amino acid with a sulfhydryl group -SH

A

Cysteine

58
Q

Mild oxidizing agents dimerizes to form a

A

Cystine molecule

59
Q

Two cysteine residues linked via a covalent disulfide bond

A

Cystine

60
Q

21st amino acid

A

Selenocysteine

61
Q

Aliphatic amino acids
LIVAG

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Alanine
Glycine

62
Q

The only achiral
R group is H
Smallest amino acid

A

Glycine

63
Q

R group is methyl

A

Alanine

64
Q

Also known as branched chain amino acids

A

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

65
Q

R group is isopropyl

A

Valine

66
Q

R group is isobutyl

A

Leucine

67
Q

R group is secbutyl

A

Isoleucine

68
Q

Amino acids with alcohol

A

Serine
Threonine

69
Q

Acidic amino acids
Double COOH

A

Aspartic Acid
Glutamine

70
Q

Basic amino acids

A

Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
Cysteine
Cystine

71
Q

Guanido
Sakaguchi test

A

Arginine

72
Q

Imidazole ring
Polydiazo test

A

Histidine

73
Q

Sulfur containing amino acids

A

Cysteine
Cystine
Methionine

74
Q

Double sulfur linkage

A

Cystine

75
Q

Test for methionine

A

Fohls test or
Lead acetate

+ Dark matter or Black ppt

76
Q

Aromatic amino acids

A

Phenylalanine
Tyrosine

77
Q

Methylbenzene
Test is xanthoproteic test (Nitric acid)
What positive?

A

Phenylalanine
+yellow

78
Q

The only phenolic amino acid
Phenol compound
Test is millons test

A

Tyrosine

79
Q

Aromatic amino acids (WYF)

A

Tryptophan

80
Q

Has an indole ring
Hopkins cole test `

A

Tryptophan

81
Q

Known as imino acid
2ndary amino acid
Test is ninhydrin test

A

Proline

82
Q

Has an -OH group
Secondary amino acids

A

Hydroxyproline

83
Q

Under proper conditions amino acids can bond together to produce an

A

Unbranched chain of amino acids

84
Q

Name of the bond between amino acids and

A

Peptides

85
Q

Bond between two amino acids

A

Dipeptide

86
Q

Bond between 10-20 amino acids

A

Oligopeptide

87
Q

Bond between large number of amino acid

A

Polypeptide

88
Q

Every peptide has a

A

N-terminal end and a c-terminal end

89
Q

The number of isomeric peptides possible increases rapidly as the length of the

A

Peptide chain increases

90
Q

Small peptides are biochemically active

A

Hormones
Neurotransmitter
Antioxidants

91
Q

Best known peptide hormone

A

Oxytocin

92
Q

Known as the love hormone
Can cause uterine contraction during labor when a woman is about to give birth to her child

A

Oxytocin

93
Q

Vasopressin which controls amount of water in the urinary tract

A

Anti diuretic hormone or ADH

94
Q

Oxytocin and ADH are produced by which gland

A

Pituitary gland

95
Q

(Nine amino acid residues) with six of the residues held in the form a loop by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues

A

Nonapeptide

96
Q

Biochemically important small peptides
Small peptide neurotransmitters

A

Pentapeptide
Glutathione

97
Q

They are pentapeptide (5) neurotransmitters produced by the brain and bind receptors within the brain

Also helps reduce pain

A

Enkephalins

98
Q

Best known enkephalins

A

Met-enkephalin
Leu-enkephalin

99
Q

Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met

A

Met-enkephalin

100
Q

Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu

A

Leu-enkephalin

101
Q

A tripeptide
Present is in high levels in most cells
Regulator of oxidation-reduction reactions

A

Glutathione

102
Q

Glu-Cys-Gly

A

Glutathione

103
Q

An antioxidant and protects cellular contents from oxidizing agents such as peroxides and superoxides

Highly reactive forms of oxygen often generated within the cell in response to bacterial invasion

A

Glutathione

104
Q

General definition

A

A protein is a naturally occuring unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids

105
Q

Specific definition

A

A protein is a peptide in which at least 40 amino acid residues are present

106
Q

Common proteins contain

A

400-500 amino acid residues

107
Q

small proteins contain

A

40-100 amino acid residues

108
Q

Several proteins with _____ amino acid residues are known

A

> 10,000

109
Q

Contains one peptide chain

A

Monomeric protein

110
Q

Contains more than one peptide chain

A

Multimeric protein
( protein subunits)

111
Q

A protein in which only amino acid residues are present

A

Simple proteins

112
Q

A protein that has one or more non-amino acid entities (prosthetic groups) present in its structure

A

Conjugated proteins

113
Q

Contain lipid prosthetic groups

A

Lipoproteins

114
Q

Contain carbohydrate groups

A

Glycoprotein

115
Q

Contain a specific metal as prosthetic group

A

Metalloproteins

Pbio Prelims (11 decks)

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