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Pbio Prelims > PBIO Midterms Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

PBIO Midterms Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Monomer units of Nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

3 components of nucleotide

A

Pentose
Phosphate group
Heterocyclic base

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3
Q

2 types of Nucleic acid

A

RNA -ribonucleic acid
DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

Occurs in all parts of the cell.
Synthesizes proteins.

A

RNA- Ribonucleic acid

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5
Q

Found within cell nucleus
Storage and transfer of genetic information.
1 cell to the other in cell division

A

DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid

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6
Q

Have info to make new cells
Found in nucleus
Acidic in nature

A

Nucleic acids

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7
Q

RIBOSE
2-Deoxyribose
2 -H atom

A

DNA

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8
Q

Ribose
Ribose
2’- OH group

A

RNA

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9
Q

Nitrogen Containing Heterocyclic Bases

A

Pyrimidine
Purine

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10
Q

5 bases

A

Nitrogen Containing heterocyclic bases

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11
Q

3 Pyrimidine

A

PURCUT

Purine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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12
Q

2 purine

A

PURGA
GA
Guanine Adenine

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13
Q

Base only found in RNA

A

Uracil

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14
Q

Base only found in DNA

A

Thymine

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15
Q

Purine + sugar
Guanine+ sugar

A

Guanosine

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16
Q

Adenine+ sugar

A

Adenosine

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17
Q

Guanine func grp

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

Adenine Functional group

A

NH2

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19
Q

LArgest acyclic ring

A

Purine

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20
Q

Cytosine non acyclic

A

NH2

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21
Q

Thymine structure

A

Oxygen with CH3

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22
Q

Uracil structure

A

Oxygen only

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23
Q

Cytosine+sugar

A

Cytidine

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24
Q

Thymine with sugar

A

Thymidine

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25
Q

Uracil with sugar

A

Uridine

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26
Q

3rd component is H3PO4
In cellular pH phosphoric acid dissociates to HPO4 2-

A

Phosphate group

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27
Q

Process of phosphate dissociation

A

Phospherelation

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28
Q

Enzyme involved in phospherelation

A

Kinases

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29
Q

1 PO4
2 PO4
3 PO4

A

Monophosphate
Di
Tri

30
Q

HPO4 2-

A

Hydrogen Phosphate

31
Q

Nucleotide bases in DNAs

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

32
Q

Nucleotide bases in RNAs

A

Uracil
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine

33
Q

What is the suffix of pyrimidine bases and examples

A

-idine
Cytidine
Thymidine
Uridine

34
Q

Suffix of purine bases and examples

A

-osine
Adenosine
Guanosine

35
Q

What prefix is used if sugar and example

A

Deoxy-
Deoxyribose

36
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature DNA Adenine

A

Adenine
Sugar-deoxyribose
Nucleotide name-deoxyadenosine 5’ -monophosphate
Abbre-dAMP

37
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature
Guanine

A

Sugar-deoxyribose
N.name-deoxyguanosine 5’- monophosphate
Abbre-dGMP

38
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature Cytosine

A

Sugar-deoxyribose
N.Name- deoxycytidine 5’ monophosphate
Abbre-dCMP

39
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature Thymine

A

Sugar-deoxyribose
N.Name- deoxythymidine 5’ monophosphate
Abbre- dTMP

40
Q

Nucleotide Nomenclature RNA adenine

A

Sugar- ribose
Nucleotide name-adenosine 5’ monophosphate
Abbre- AMP

41
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature Guanine

A

Sugar-ribose
N. Name- guanosine 5’-monophosphate
Abbre-GMP

42
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature Cytosine

A

Ribose
Cytidine 5’ monophosphate
Abbre- CMP

43
Q

Nucleotide nomenclature uracil RNA

A

Ribose
Uridine 5’ -monophosphate
UMP

44
Q

Reffered to as nucleic acid backbone- found in all nucleic acids

A

Sugar-Phosphate

45
Q

Phospho diester bond

A

3’ and 5’ prime
5’ free PO4
3’ free OH

46
Q

Double helix
Anti-parallel-opposite

A

DNA

47
Q

Base composition of nucleic acids

A

Adenine-30%
Thymine/uracil-30%
Cytosine-20%
Guanine-20%

48
Q

A nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains ribose. A phosphate group.and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine,cytosine,guanine or uracil

A

Ribonucleic acid 0RNA

49
Q

Is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of the heterocyclic bases, adenine cytosine guanine or thymine

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

50
Q

Backbone of nucleic acids vs proteins

A

Nucleic acids- Phosphate sugar nucleic acids
Proteins- Peptide bonds then proteins

51
Q

Nucleic acids have secondary and

A

Tertiary structure

52
Q

Base composition of DNA

A

A=T and C=G

53
Q

People who discovered Nucleic acids

A

James Watson
Francis Crick

54
Q

____ located at the center and hydrogen bonded
A=T and G=C

A

Bases

55
Q

The____ involves two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in a helical fashion

A

Secondary Structure

56
Q

Poly nucleotide run ____ ex 5’-3’
3-5

A

Anti parallel
Opposite

57
Q

______ is stronger with A-T and G-C

A

Hydrogen Bonding

58
Q

A-T and G-C are called

A

Complementary bases

59
Q

Human DNA contains

A

30 adenine
30. Thymine
20 guanine
20 cytocine

60
Q

DNA- 5’-A-A-G-C-T-A-G-C-T-T-A-C-T3’

A

Complementary- 3’-T-T-C-G-A-T-C-G-A-A-T-G-A-5’

61
Q

5’-A-A-T-G-C-A-G-C-T 3’

A

DNA- 3’-T-T-A-C-G-T-C-G-A 5’
RNA- 3’-U-A-C-G-U-C-G-A 3’

62
Q

Process by which DNA molecules produce duplicates of themselves

A

Replication

63
Q

Old strands act as ____ for the synthesis of new

A

Templates

64
Q

Checks the correct base pairing and catalyze the formation of phosphodiester linkages

A

DNA polymerase

65
Q

Newly synthesized dna has

A

1 new and 1 old

66
Q

DNA polymerase enzyme can only function in the

A

5’to the 3’ direction

67
Q

Lagging strands grows in segments in the opposite direction

A

Okazaki Fragments

68
Q

Segments are latter connected by

A

DNA ligase

69
Q

Dna replication usually occurs in the

A

At multiple sites within a molecule

70
Q

DNA replication usually occurs bidirectinal from these sites

A

Replication forks

71
Q

Multiple site replication enables

A

Rapid DNA synthesis

72
Q

DNA replication

A

Central dogma
Replication
Synthesis of new dna
Semi conservative
High fidelity proof reading bi directinal

Pbio Prelims (11 decks)

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