PBIO Midterms Nucleic Acids Flashcards by John Paulo Santos

Monomer units of Nucleic acid

Nucleotides

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3 components of nucleotide

Pentose
Phosphate group
Heterocyclic base

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2 types of Nucleic acid

RNA -ribonucleic acid
DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid

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Occurs in all parts of the cell.
Synthesizes proteins.

RNA- Ribonucleic acid

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Found within cell nucleus
Storage and transfer of genetic information.
1 cell to the other in cell division

DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid

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Have info to make new cells
Found in nucleus
Acidic in nature

Nucleic acids

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RIBOSE
2-Deoxyribose
2 -H atom

DNA

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Ribose
Ribose
2’- OH group

RNA

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Nitrogen Containing Heterocyclic Bases

Pyrimidine
Purine

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5 bases

Nitrogen Containing heterocyclic bases

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3 Pyrimidine

PURCUT

Purine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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2 purine

PURGA
GA
Guanine Adenine

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Base only found in RNA

Uracil

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Base only found in DNA

Thymine

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Purine + sugar
Guanine+ sugar

Guanosine

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Adenine+ sugar

Adenosine

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Guanine func grp

Oxygen

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Adenine Functional group

NH2

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LArgest acyclic ring

Purine

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Cytosine non acyclic

NH2

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Thymine structure

Oxygen with CH3

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Uracil structure

Oxygen only

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Cytosine+sugar

Cytidine

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Thymine with sugar

Thymidine

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Uracil with sugar

Uridine

3rd component is H3PO4 In cellular pH phosphoric acid dissociates to HPO4 2-

Phosphate group

Process of phosphate dissociation

Phospherelation

Enzyme involved in phospherelation

Kinases

1 PO4 2 PO4 3 PO4

Monophosphate Di Tri

HPO4 2-

Hydrogen Phosphate

Nucleotide bases in DNAs

Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

Nucleotide bases in RNAs

Uracil Adenine Cytosine Guanine

What is the suffix of pyrimidine bases and examples

-idine Cytidine Thymidine Uridine

Suffix of purine bases and examples

-osine Adenosine Guanosine

What prefix is used if sugar and example

Deoxy- Deoxyribose

Nucleotide nomenclature DNA Adenine

Adenine Sugar-deoxyribose Nucleotide name-deoxyadenosine 5’ -monophosphate Abbre-dAMP

Nucleotide nomenclature Guanine

Sugar-deoxyribose N.name-deoxyguanosine 5’- monophosphate Abbre-dGMP

Nucleotide nomenclature Cytosine

Sugar-deoxyribose N.Name- deoxycytidine 5’ monophosphate Abbre-dCMP

Nucleotide nomenclature Thymine

Sugar-deoxyribose N.Name- deoxythymidine 5’ monophosphate Abbre- dTMP

Nucleotide Nomenclature RNA adenine

Sugar- ribose Nucleotide name-adenosine 5’ monophosphate Abbre- AMP

Nucleotide nomenclature Guanine

Sugar-ribose N. Name- guanosine 5’-monophosphate Abbre-GMP

Nucleotide nomenclature Cytosine

Ribose Cytidine 5’ monophosphate Abbre- CMP

Nucleotide nomenclature uracil RNA

Ribose Uridine 5’ -monophosphate UMP

Reffered to as nucleic acid backbone- found in all nucleic acids

Sugar-Phosphate

Phospho diester bond

3’ and 5’ prime 5’ free PO4 3’ free OH

Double helix Anti-parallel-opposite

DNA

Base composition of nucleic acids

Adenine-30% Thymine/uracil-30% Cytosine-20% Guanine-20%

A nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains ribose. A phosphate group.and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine,cytosine,guanine or uracil

Ribonucleic acid 0RNA

Is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of the heterocyclic bases, adenine cytosine guanine or thymine

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

Backbone of nucleic acids vs proteins

Nucleic acids- Phosphate sugar nucleic acids Proteins- Peptide bonds then proteins

Nucleic acids have secondary and

Tertiary structure

Base composition of DNA

A=T and C=G

People who discovered Nucleic acids

James Watson Francis Crick

____ located at the center and hydrogen bonded A=T and G=C

Bases

The____ involves two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in a helical fashion

Secondary Structure

Poly nucleotide run ____ ex 5’-3’ 3-5

Anti parallel Opposite

______ is stronger with A-T and G-C

Hydrogen Bonding

A-T and G-C are called

Complementary bases

Human DNA contains

30 adenine 30. Thymine 20 guanine 20 cytocine

DNA- 5’-A-A-G-C-T-A-G-C-T-T-A-C-T3’

Complementary- 3’-T-T-C-G-A-T-C-G-A-A-T-G-A-5’

5’-A-A-T-G-C-A-G-C-T 3’

DNA- 3’-T-T-A-C-G-T-C-G-A 5’ RNA- 3’-U-A-C-G-U-C-G-A 3’

Process by which DNA molecules produce duplicates of themselves

Replication

Old strands act as ____ for the synthesis of new

Templates

Checks the correct base pairing and catalyze the formation of phosphodiester linkages

DNA polymerase

Newly synthesized dna has

1 new and 1 old

DNA polymerase enzyme can only function in the

5’to the 3’ direction

Lagging strands grows in segments in the opposite direction

Okazaki Fragments

Segments are latter connected by

DNA ligase

Dna replication usually occurs in the

At multiple sites within a molecule

DNA replication usually occurs bidirectinal from these sites

Replication forks

Multiple site replication enables

Rapid DNA synthesis

DNA replication

Central dogma Replication Synthesis of new dna Semi conservative High fidelity proof reading bi directinal