Proteins + Lipids 2024 Flashcards
Name 3 functions that proteins are responsible for.
Ex. digestive enzymes help facilitate chemical reactions, supports muscle contraction and movement, antibodies support immune function, etc.
Proteins are polymers of _______ ______. There are ___ of them, which can create _________ combinations. Which elements are they made of?
Amino acids, 20, infinite, CHONS.
What are the five parts of an amino acid?
Central carbon, hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, unique R group.
What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids? Give 2 examples for each.
Non-essential can be synthesized by the body, essential must be supplied with food. Essential: ex. tryptophan, valine, leucine, etc. Non-essential: ex. alanine, serine, glutamine, etc.
Amino acids bond through ___________ synthesis to create _______ bonds. What are the 4 levels of protein folding a polypeptide can have?
Dehydration, peptide. 1. order of amino acids, 2. alpha coil or beta pleated sheet, 3. 3D shape caused by R-group interactions, 4. multiple polypeptides form a protein.
What is protein denaturation? What happens during denaturation?
The bonds that hold the 3D shape (tertiary structure) are broken. Peptide bonds can be broken by heat, high pH, etc., or can disrupt R-group interactions.
Lipids are _______ substances that are relatively ______ in water and soluble in ________ solvents. Fats are ______ at SATP, oils are ________ at SATP. List 2 purposes of lipids.
Organic, insoluble, organic, solid, liquid. Ex. insulation, long term energy storage, signalling molecules (hormones).
What are the 5 types of lipids?
Fatty acids, fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes.
Describe the fatty acid monomer structurally. If the HC chain has the max. # of H atoms, it is ________. If there are any CC double bonds, it is ____________.
Fatty acid monomer is a single hydrocarbon with a carboxyl functional group. Saturated, unsaturated.
Fats are often called __________ or _________. They contain one _______ and three ________. Fats are produced through an ________ linkage.
Triglycerides, triglycerols, glycerol, fatty acids, ester.
Phospholipids make up _______ and form ____ if placed in water. Waxes are extremely ______. Name 3 examples of steroids/sterols.
Membranes, micelles, nonpolar. Ex. testosterone, cortisone, cholesterol, etc.
Glycolipids are ____ attached to lipids. Lipoproteins are _______ attached to lipids.
Carbohydrates, proteins.
