Carbohydrates + Nucleic Acids 2024 Flashcards
Carbohydrates are a diverse group of compounds using the elements: _, _, _. They make up most of _______ ______ on Earth, and made of of ______ units (monomers).
C, H, O, organic matter, sugar.
What is the function of carbohydates?
They supply and/or store energy for most life forms on the planet. They also provide structure for plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.
What are simple carbohydates? Why are they excellent energy sources?
Any monosaccharides or disaccharides. They are excellent because they have multiple C-H bonds, readily available, soluble (easily transportable in bloodstream).
What the the 4 monosaccharides in our diet?
Alpha glucose, beta glucose, galactose, fructose
Glucose is created during ________ and the most abundant ________ in the body. Creates _____ through glycolysis, and synthesizes _______ in the body.
Photosynthesis, monosaccharide, ATP, glycogen.
Fructose is naturally occuring and often found in _____, ______, ________.
Fruit, honey, vegetables.
Few foods have _______ in their free state. Binds with glucose to make lactose.
Galactose
Ribose is a natural part of _____, ____, and _____, and is naturally produced from _____.
DNA, RNA, ATP, food.
List the bonding monosaccharides for 1. maltose, 2. lactose, 3. sucrose, 4. cellulose.
- 2 alpha glucose
- galactose + beta glucose
- fructose + alpha glucose
- 2 beta glucose
_________ _______ is used to bond monomers together. The bond is called a __________ link.
Dehydration synthesis, glycosidic
Oligosaccharides are made of __-___ monomers. Humans cannot ______ these. Examples are ______ and _______.
3-10, digest, raffinose, stachyose.
Complex carbohydrates are called _______, and can either function as _____ storage or _______ carbohydrates.
Polysaccharides, energy, structural.
Plant energy storage molecules include _______ and _______. _________ is the only animal energy storage molecule. What is the difference between plant molecules? Where is glycogen found, and what does it look like?
Amylose, amylopectin. Glycogen. Amylose is a long chain found in wheat, flour, pasta. Amylopectin is branched, smaller, and is found in potatoes and corn starch. Glycogen is produced in brain, liver, muscle, and is like a larger amylopectin.
Where is chitin found? What is cellulose’s purpose?
Chitin is found in exoskeletons and fungi cell walls. Cellulose makes up plant cell walls, and is impossible to digest by humans.
Nucleic acids are made of _______ monomers. Two types are _____ and ______, with minor derivatives _____ and _______. Each nucleotide is made of three parts: ___, ____, _____.
Nucleotide, DNA, RNA, ATP, Acetyl co-A, phosphate group, ribo-sugar, nitrogenous base.
