Metabolism Studying Flashcards
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The entropy of the universe increases with any change that occurs.
What is the difference between metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism?
Metabolism is the term used for all of the chemical reactions that happen in the body to sustain life. Catabolism breaks down complex molecules, anabolism builds complex molecules.
Summarize the induced fit model of enzyme activity.
Enzymes and substrates don’t work as a lock and key - the active site morphs so the substrate can bind correctly. This forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
Name some factors that affect enzyme activity.
Enzymes are proteins, so they can be denatured by factors such as pH, temperature, etc.
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibiton?
In competitive inhibition, an undesired substrate (inhibitor) binds to the active site and blocks the desired substrate. In non-competitive inhibition, an inhibitor will bind to an allosteric site (another site on enzyme), which disables its ability to bind with substrates at the active site.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can change forms, but can never be created nor destroyed.
What is the difference between organic and non-organic cofactors? Is ATP a cofactor?
Organic cofactors are called coenzymes, often made from vitamins. Non-organic cofactors are often cations. Yes, ATP is an organic cofactor, most common cofactor.
How is glycolysis changed in lactic acid fermentation?
Regular glycolysis proceeds, anaerobically, then converts 2 pyruvate into 2 lactate.
How is glycolysis changed during ethanol fermentation?
Regular glycolysis proceeds, anaerobically, but produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What happens to pyruvate during pyruate oxidation?
As pyruvate enters the mitochondria, it is decarboxylized to form acetyl Co-A.
Where do glycolysis, krebs cycle, and ETC occur?
Glycolsis occurs in cytoplasm, Krebs Cycle occurs in the matrix, ETC occurs in innermembrane space.
What pigment absorbs light wavelengths to produce glucose? What organelle is it found in?
Chlorophyll, chloroplast.
What are the three factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity, CO2 concentration, and temperature.
What is the light-dependent reaction? Light independent?
Photosynthesis is light dependent, Calvin Cycle is light independent.
What is the summary equation of photosynthesis reactions?
Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
