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Nutrition and health > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Protein turnover

A

Proteins are continually being made and broken down = degradation & synthesis of protein

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2
Q

Unlike glucose and fatty acids, amino acids are __ for later use

A

not stored

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3
Q

Out of the protein from the diet, how much is absorbed?

A

95 % absorbed into free amino acid pool (is then broken down or recycled back)
95% goes to urine

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4
Q

How much proteins is being synthesised each day?

What does this mean?

A

300 g

It means amino acids are being recycled

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5
Q

Output of free amino acid pool

A

aa are broken down (into nitrogen and carbon skeleton)

or recycled into aa pool

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6
Q

Zero nitrogen balance

A

intake = output

in healthy individuals (+body builder)

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7
Q

Positive balance

A

intake > output
body synthesises more than it degrades
ex: growing children pregnancy, recovery

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8
Q

Negative balance

A

intake < output
body degrades more that it synthesises
loss of protein (nitrogen)
ex: starvation, severe stress : burn, infection, injury

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9
Q

Nitrogen balance =

A

N intake - Fecal N - Urinary N

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10
Q

Protein is __% nitrogen

A

16

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11
Q

__ g proteins = 1g nitrogen

A

6.25g

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12
Q

Does eating more protein, above the RDA drive protein synthesis?

A

No

Exercise drives protein synthesis

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13
Q

AA can’t be fattening, T/F

A

FALSE

depending on the R group, it goes to glucose or fat

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14
Q

First step of breaking down protein

A
  • deamination (removal of the amino group)

produces : ammonia + keto acid

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15
Q

Keto acids

A

= carbon structure without its amino group

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16
Q

What can keto acids do?

A

Enter metabolic pathways

are used for energy or production of glucose, cholesterol fat, ketones

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17
Q

If the amino acid is glycogenic what does the carbon fragment produce

A

glucose

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18
Q

If the amino acid is ketogenic what does the carbon fragment produce

A

ketone bodies, fat, sterols

ex: leucine is ketogenic

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19
Q

if a particle nonessential amino acid is not available, cells can make it from __

A

keto acids

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20
Q

The deamination of aa produces __ + __

A

ammonia + keto acids

21
Q

Given a source of __, the body can make nonessential aa from __

A

ammonia

keto acids

22
Q

What are 2 ways the body can make nonessential aa

A
  • from keto acids, if given ammonia

- by transferring an amino group from 1 amino acid to its corresponding keto acid (=transamination)

23
Q

Ammonia is converted to __ by the liver

A

urea

24
Q

Which organ filters urea out of the blood for excretion in urine

A

kidney

25
Q

Liver disease

A

high ammonia in blood

26
Q

Kidney disease

A

high urea in blood

27
Q

Urea provides energy

A

1.25kcal/g

28
Q

If don’t consume enough energy, what will?

A

carbon skeleton

29
Q

Do RDAs assume adequate energy intake?

A

yes

30
Q

RDA for proteins (adults)

A

0.8g/kg/day

31
Q

Does the usual intake = RDA?

A

No, it exceeds RDA

= 1.8xRDA=100g

32
Q

AI for proteins for infants

A

1.5g/kg/d

33
Q

g of protein in 1 cup milk, 1 egg, 1oz meat

A

8, 6, 7g

34
Q

Do athletes need more protein than RDA?

A

Yes

35
Q

Do athletes need more protein than normal diet?

A

No

36
Q

To maximize protein synthesis :

A
  • sauce out protein intake

- carb + prot after workout

37
Q

New unofficial recommended intake of protein

A

1.2g/kg/day

for female athletes : 1.7g/kg/d

38
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Too little protein

39
Q

Excess protein is a problem?

A

No

-> excreted as urea

40
Q

Need __ for protein synthesis

A

all amino acids

41
Q

Which proteins are less digestible ?

A

Plant

42
Q

What should be supplied in the diet?

A
  • 9 essential amino acids

- nitrogen- containing aa

43
Q

The aa present i the lowest amount relative to the body’s need for it is called the

A

limiting amino acid

44
Q

DIAAS

A

Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid score

  • scale of 0-100%
  • > 100% = animal proteins, (soy: 94)
  • <80% = vegetable proteins
45
Q

4 limiting aa

A

lysine
methionine
threonine
tryptophan

46
Q

cereals are limited in

A

lysine, threonine (tryptophan: corn)

47
Q

legumes are limited in

A

sulphur amino acids (cysteine, methionine)

48
Q

Complementary protein

A
  • want a variety over the course of the day

- if eat meat, integrate plant sources

Nutrition and health (7 decks)

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