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Nutrition and health > Integration of metabolism > Flashcards

Integration of metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

A

sum of total of all the chemical reactions that on in living cells

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

metabolic condition that is the result of dynamic processes to maintain a constant internal environment despite a changing external environment

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3
Q

blood pH

A

7.4

=> due to homeostasis

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4
Q

negative feedback

A

acts to resist any deviation

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5
Q

Anabolism

A

building complex compounds, requires energy

ex: aa + aa -> protein

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6
Q

Catabolism

A

breakdown large molecules into smaller ones, releases energy
ex: TG -> Glycerol + FA

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7
Q

Fed state

A

anabolism

lots of nutrients -> requires energy

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8
Q

Body uses mostly __ for its energy needs

A

carbs & fats

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9
Q

PYRUVATE

A
  • CAN make glucose

- 3 C compound

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10
Q

ACETYLCOA

A
  • CAN’T male glucose

- 2 carbon compound with CoA

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11
Q

During digestion :
Protein ->
Carbohydrates ->
Fat ->

A

amino acids
glucose
glycerol + fatty acids

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12
Q 
amino acids ->
 - ketogenic -> 
 - glucogenic ->
glucose  
glycerol -> 
fatty acids ->
A 
amino acids -> TCA cycle
 - ketogenic -> acetylcoa
 - glucogenic -> pyruvate
glucose  pyruvate
glycerol -> pyruvate
fatty acids -> acetylcoa
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13
Q

What can’t make glucose?

A
  • fatty acids
  • ketogenic amino acids
    => acetyl coa
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14
Q

What can make glucose?

A
  • glucogenic amino acids
  • glycerol
    => pyruvate
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15
Q

Glucogenic amino acids can go to :

A
  • pyruvate -> TCA
    OR
  • TCA cycle directly
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16
Q

Body can’t make __ aa

A

essential

17
Q

Functions of acetylcoa

What can make acetylcoa?

A
  • synthesize fats
  • generate ATP
  • any molecule can make acetylcoa: amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, glucose and therefore make FAT
18
Q

Which molecule can make FAT?

A

amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, glucose

19
Q

Lipogenesis

A

Liver takes excess glucose and synthesises fat

acetyl coa is converted to triglyceride to make fat

20
Q

Pyruvate can be converted to

A
  • acetyl coa
  • lactate
  • glucose
21
Q

FED state

Carbs - glucose -
fats - fa -
proteins - aa -

A

Carbs - glucose - liver & muscle glycogen stores + body fat stores

fats - fa - body fat stores

proteins - aa - body fat stores + body proteins + loss of nitrogen in urine (urea)

22
Q

SHORT term fast
liver & glycogen stores ->

body fat stores ->

A

liver & glycogen stores -> glucose -> energy for brain, nervous system, RBC + energy for other cells

body fat stores -> fatty acids -> energy for other cells

23
Q

LONG term fast
body protein ->
body fat ->

A

body protein ->
AA-> loss of nitrogen in urine +
AA-> glucose -> energy for brain, RBC, NS, other cells
AA-> ketone bodies -> energy for brain, RBC, NS, other cells

body fat ->
FA-> ketone bodies -> energy for brain, RBC, NS, other cells
FA-> energy for other cells

24
Q

glucose concentration in spinal fluid = of plasma glucose

A

2/3

25
Q

Eating too much fat promotes fat oxidation

A

FALSE

26
Q

Which energy yielding nutrients are broken down to acetylcoa?

A

protein
carb
fat

27
Q

Acetylcoa can :

A

enter tca cycle or make fat

28
Q

Fatty acids can/can’t be used to make glucose

A

can’t

29
Q

Excess glucose converted to fat happens in which state?

A

fed state

30
Q

Before going to liver, glucose goes through

A

Hepatic portal vein

31
Q

Fed state : anabolic or catabolic

A

anabolic

32
Q

FFA are bound to

A

albumin

33
Q

Condensation of __ forms a ketone

A

2 acetylcoa + removal of CO2

34
Q

ketone body

A

compounds produced during the incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose isn’t available

35
Q

Ketogenic diet

A

= low carbs to promote fatty acid oxidation in absence of glucose
side effects : nausea, constipation, low BP, fatigue, high uric acid, kidney disease

Nutrition and health (7 decks)

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