Proteins Flashcards
What is the type of bond that is formed between two amino acids?
Peptide bond
Are amino acids polar or non-polar and why?
Polar as they have uneven charges, amino group+, carboxyl group -
State what makes up an amino acid? Then, draw it out
Amino group, carboxyl group,hydrogen and r-group (variant)
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
What is the primary structure of protein?
-Sequences of amino acids in a polypeptide chain which is determined by the DNA
-Amino acids held by covalent peptide bonds
What is the secondary structure of protein?
-Folding of the polypeptide into either a beta pleated sheet or alpha helix
-Held together by hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and amino of other
What is the tertiary structure of protein?
-Further folding of polypeptide chain into 3D shape
-Held together by hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, disulfide bonds, weak hydrogen bonds
What is the quaternary structure of protein?
-Some proteins are made from multiple polypeptide chains
-Held by disulphide and hydrophobic interactions
What are the two types of proteins based on their structures, properties and general functions?
Globular that are soluble and are for metabolic processes and fibrous that are insoluble and have structural functions
What is the structure of haemoglobin, the properties and functions?
-4 polypeptide chains with 4 haem group (iron ions)
-Soluble as help transport O2 around body
What is a globular structure like?
Ball-like (blob)
What is fibrous protein structure like and it’s properties?
-3 identical left handed helix polypeptide chains, triple helix (held by hydrogen bonds)
-Every 3rd amino acid is glycine
-Strong and insoluble
-Collagen has covalent bonds to make stronger
What are non-protein bits that are added to proteins to help it function?
Prosthetic group e.g. haem groups in haemoglobin
