Molecules of Life (with carbohydrates) Flashcards
What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?
Mono/ polysaccharide
What are the monomers and polymer of protein?
Amino acids and polypeptide
What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acid?
Nucleotides and polynucleotides
Formula for carbohydrates and what elements are in them?
C(H2O)n
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are monosaccharides named after + examples
Named after number of carbon atoms in them e.g. 3 carbon= triose, 5C= pentose 6C= hexose
What are the two types of glucose and what is the difference between them? (structure and function)
Alpha, found in blood plasma, and beta, found in cellulose
In a beta molecules, the OH group at carbon 1 is above the ring, while in an alpha group the OH group at carbon 1 is below the ring
Monosaccharides of carbohydrate?
Glucose, fructose (plants), galactose(milk)
What do these make:
glucose + glucose
glucose + fructose
glucose + galactose
maltose
sucrose
lactose
What reaction is it called when a covalent bond is formed and water is removed?
Condensation
What reaction is it called when a covalent bond is broken and water is released?
Hydrolysis
Draw a beta and alpha glucose atom (simplified)
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides atoms together
What bond is formed from carbohydrates?
Glycosidic
What are similar properties that all glucose atoms have that link to its function?
-Can be added or removed using condensation/hydrolysis
-Insoluble, stay in cell and not take water
-Compact, good for storage
-Branched ends for fast hydrolysis and then respiration
What are the two polysaccharides of starch and what is the difference in structure between them?
What is their role in plants?
-Amylose and amylopectin (both alpha molecules)
-Amylose is bonded by 1,4 glycosidic bonds that form coiled chains (compacted)
-Amylopectin is branched (good for quick respiration) because of being bonded by 1,6 and 1,4 glycosidic bonds
-Used as storage in plants
What is the structure and function of glycogen?
-An alpha molecule that is bonded by 1,4 glycosidic links with a 1,6 side chain, making it branched
-Stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
What is the function and structure of cellulose?
-Long straight chains that are rotated 180 to the next molecule as its beta
- -1,4 glycosidic bonds
-Structure role in plant cell walls
-Form hydrogen bonds with parallel chains and microfibrils
What is the structure and function of chitin?
-Long straight chains that are rotated at 180 to the next molecule as beta
-Has an acetyl amide side group that replace some -OH (shit in ass tyl i mind)
-Parallel chains with hydrogen bonds that form microfibrils
-For exoskeletons on insects and fungi
-Strong, lightweight
Will the exam ask you about the structure of galactose or fructose?
No, only glucose
