Molecules of Life (with carbohydrates)

Question 1

What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Mono/ polysaccharide

Question 2

What are the monomers and polymer of protein?

Answer 2

Amino acids and polypeptide

Question 3

What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acid?

Answer 3

Nucleotides and polynucleotides

Question 4

Formula for carbohydrates and what elements are in them?

Answer 4

C(H2O)n
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 5

What are monosaccharides named after + examples

Answer 5

Named after number of carbon atoms in them e.g. 3 carbon= triose, 5C= pentose 6C= hexose

Question 6

What are the two types of glucose and what is the difference between them? (structure and function)

Answer 6

Alpha, found in blood plasma, and beta, found in cellulose
In a beta molecules, the OH group at carbon 1 is above the ring, while in an alpha group the OH group at carbon 1 is below the ring

Question 7

Monosaccharides of carbohydrate?

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose (plants), galactose(milk)

Question 8

What do these make:
glucose + glucose
glucose + fructose
glucose + galactose

Answer 8

maltose
sucrose
lactose

Question 9

What reaction is it called when a covalent bond is formed and water is removed?

Answer 9

Condensation

Question 10

What reaction is it called when a covalent bond is broken and water is released?

Answer 10

Hydrolysis

Question 11

Draw a beta and alpha glucose atom (simplified)

Question 12

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 12

Two monosaccharides atoms together

Question 13

What bond is formed from carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Glycosidic

Question 14

What are similar properties that all glucose atoms have that link to its function?

Answer 14

-Can be added or removed using condensation/hydrolysis
-Insoluble, stay in cell and not take water
-Compact, good for storage
-Branched ends for fast hydrolysis and then respiration

Question 15

What are the two polysaccharides of starch and what is the difference in structure between them?

Answer 15

-Amylose and amylopectin (both alpha molecules)
-Amylose is bonded by 1,4 glycosidic bonds that form coiled chains (compacted)
-Amylopectin is branched (good for quick respiration) because of being bonded by 1,6 and 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 16

What is the structure and function of glycogen?

Answer 16

-An alpha molecule that is bonded by 1,4 glycosidic links with a 1,6 side chain, making it branched
-Stored as glycogen in liver and muscles

Question 17

What is the function and structure of cellulose?

Answer 17

-Long straight chains that are rotated 180 to the next molecule as its beta
- -1,4 glycosidic bonds
-Structure role in plant cell walls
-Form hydrogen bonds with parallel chains and microfibrils

Question 18

What is the structure and function of chitin?

Answer 18

-Long straight chains that are rotated at 180 to the next molecule as beta
-Has an acetyl amide side group that replace some -OH (shit in ass tyl i mind)
-Parallel chains with hydrogen bonds that form microfibrils
-For exoskeletons on insects and fungi
-Strong, lightweight

Question 19

Will the exam ask you about the structure of galactose or fructose?

Answer 19

No, only glucose