Cells and Organelles

Question 1

Function of nucleus?

Answer 1

Contain DNA for protein synthesis

Question 2

Function of nucleolus?

Answer 2

Synthesis of RNA and ribosomes

Question 3

Function of nuclear pore?

Answer 3

Allows the transport of mRNA

Question 4

Function of nuclear envelope?

Answer 4

Separated DNA from cytoplasm

Question 5

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 5

Controls what goes in and out of cell

Question 6

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 6

Site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Allows transport and sie of metabolic processes

Question 8

Function and structure of ribosomes?

Answer 8

Protein synthesis
Made up of ribosomal RNA and protein

Question 9

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

Transports proteins that are synthesised by the ribosomes attached

Question 10

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

Synthesis +transport of lipids

Question 11

Function of golgi body/ apparatus?

Answer 11

-Chemically modifies proteins and packages them for secretion out of cell by coalescence of vesicles
-Makes lysosomes and glycoproteins

Question 12

Function of centrioles?

Answer 12

Used in microtubules in cell division

Question 13

Function of lysosomes?

Answer 13

Contain and isolate digestive enzymes and release them to destroy organelles for phagocytosis

Question 14

Function of vesicles?

Answer 14

Act as a contractile vacuoles to maintain osmotic pressure

Question 15

Function of large permanent vacuole?

Answer 15

Store ions and organic molecules

Question 16

What is the vacuole membrane called?

Answer 16

Tonoplast

Question 17

Function of chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Site of photosynthesis

Question 18

Function of cell wall?

Answer 18

Structure and support, free permeable in water

Question 19

Function of plasmodesmata (between 2 cells) ?

Answer 19

Exchange of organic materials
Allows communication between cells

Question 20

Draw and label a mitochondria

Answer 20

Inner and outer membrane, loop of DNA, ATP synthesis enzymes, 70s ribosomes, matrix, cristae (inner folding)

Question 21

Draw and label a chloroplast

Answer 21

Inner and outer membrane, stroma with thylakoids stacked in grana, site of photosynthesis, between grana the thykaloids form lamellae

Question 22

What does the theory of endosymbiosis say?

Answer 22

Ancient prokaryotes e.g. chloroplasts and mitochondria, were engulfed by bacteria cell, benefitting them both

Question 23

Definition of tissue?

Answer 23

A group of similar cells working together with a common function

Question 24

Definition of organ?

Answer 24

Collection of tissues in a structural unit, working together to do a specific function

Question 25

Structure, function and location of squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 25

Flattened cells on basement membrane for exchange.
Lining tissue, walls of alveoli, on surface of tubes and cavities

Question 26

Structure, function and location of cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Answer 26

Cells are cube shape, tissue one cell thick
Used for secretion and reabsorption
In small intestine

Question 27

Structure, function and location ciliated columnar cells?

Answer 27

Cells= elongated, column shape
Cilia to move dust and dirt out of air passages and let’s substances through
In oviduct, trachea and bronchi

Question 28

Structure, function and location of columnar epithelial tissue?

Answer 28

Cells = elongates, column shaped, some have microvilli for bigger SA for absorption
Line tubes that let substances through
Kidneys and salivary gland

Question 29

Structure, function and location glandular epithelial cells?

Answer 29

Secretory epithelial cells that organise themselves in gland shapes
Secrete enzymes, hormones, saliva, mucus
In pancreas, salivary glands, gastric glands

Question 30

Structure, function and location of skeletal muscle?

Answer 30

Attached to bones, muscle cells joined together to form fibres Striations caused by overlapping protein molecules in cells, voluntary
Generates locomotion
Attached to bones and bladder

Question 31

Structure, function and location of smooth tissue?

Answer 31

Attached to skin, wall of blood vessels, digestive + respiratory tracts
Involuntary contraction but less powerfully the skeletal
Spindle-like cells with no strips

Question 32

Structure, function and location of cardiac tissue?

Answer 32

In heart
Involuntary rhythmic contractions to pump blood
Cells have stripes, fibres are striated and branched, attached to adjoining fibres by intercalated discs

Question 33

What do both animal and plant cells contain?

Answer 33

Membrane, membrane bound nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi body