Cells and Organelles

Question 1

Function of nucleus?

Answer 1

Contain DNA for protein synthesis

Question 2

Function of nucleolus?

Answer 2

Synthesis of RNA and ribosomes

Question 3

Function of nuclear pore?

Answer 3

Allows the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

Question 4

Function of nuclear envelope?

Answer 4

Separated DNA from cytoplasm

Question 5

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 5

Controls what goes in and out of cell

Question 6

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 6

Site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Allows transport and sie of metabolic processes

Question 8

Function and structure of ribosomes?

Answer 8

Protein synthesis
Made up of ribosomal RNA and protein

Question 9

Describe the structure of ER?

Answer 9

-Flattened membrane-bounded sacs

Question 10

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

Transports proteins that are synthesised by the ribosomes attached and protein synthesis

Question 11

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

Synthesis +transport of lipids

Question 12

Function of golgi body/ apparatus?

Answer 12

-Chemically modifies proteins and packages them for secretion out of cell by coalescence of vesicles
-Makes lysosomes and glycoproteins

Question 13

Structure of Golgi body?

Answer 13

Flattened sacs that are membrane-bounded

Question 14

Function of centrioles?

Answer 14

Used in microtubules in cell division

Question 15

Function of lysosomes?

Answer 15

Contain and isolate digestive enzymes and release them to destroy organelles for phagocytosis

Question 16

Function of vesicles?

Answer 16

Act as a contractile vacuoles to maintain osmotic pressure

Question 17

Function of large permanent vacuole?

Answer 17

Store ions and organic molecules

Question 18

What is the vacuole membrane called?

Answer 18

Tonoplast

Question 19

Function of chloroplasts?

Answer 19

Site of photosynthesis

Question 20

Function of cell wall?

Answer 20

Structure and support, free permeable in water

Question 21

Function of plasmodesmata (between 2 cells) ?

Answer 21

Exchange of organic materials
Allows communication between cells

Question 22

Draw and label a mitochondria

Answer 22

Inner and outer membrane, loop of DNA, ATP synthesis enzymes, 70s ribosomes, matrix, cristae (inner folding)

Question 23

Draw and label a chloroplast

Answer 23

Inner and outer membrane, stroma with thylakoids stacked in grana, site of photosynthesis, between grana the thykaloids form lamellae

Question 24

What does the theory of endosymbiosis say?

Answer 24

Ancient prokaryotes e.g. chloroplasts and mitochondria, were engulfed by bacteria cell, benefitting them both

Question 25

Definition of tissue?

Answer 25

A group of similar cells working together with a common function

Question 26

Definition of organ?

Answer 26

Collection of tissues in a structural unit, working together to do a specific function

Question 27

Structure, function and location of squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 27

Flattened cells on basement membrane for exchange. Lining tissue, walls of alveoli, on surface of tubes and cavities

Question 28

Structure, function and location of cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Answer 28

Cells are cube shape, tissue one cell thick Used for secretion and reabsorption In kidneys

Question 29

Structure, function and location ciliated columnar cells?

Answer 29

Cells= elongated, column shape Cilia to move dust and dirt out of air passages and let's substances through In oviduct, trachea and bronchi

Question 30

Structure, function and location of columnar epithelial tissue?

Answer 30

Cells = elongates, column shaped, some have microvilli for bigger SA for absorption Line tubes that let substances through Kidneys and salivary gland

Question 31

Structure, function and location glandular epithelial cells?

Answer 31

Secretory epithelial cells that organise themselves in gland shapes Secrete enzymes, hormones, saliva, mucus In pancreas, salivary glands, gastric glands

Question 32

Structure, function and location of skeletal muscle?

Answer 32

Attached to bones, muscle cells joined together to form fibres Striations caused by overlapping protein molecules in cells, voluntary Generates locomotion Attached to bones and bladder

Question 33

Structure, function and location of smooth tissue?

Answer 33

Attached to skin, wall of blood vessels, digestive + respiratory tracts Involuntary contraction but less powerfully the skeletal Spindle-like cells with no strips

Question 34

Structure, function and location of cardiac tissue?

Answer 34

In heart Involuntary rhythmic contractions to pump blood Cells have stripes, fibres are striated and branched, attached to adjoining fibres by intercalated discs

Question 35

What do both animal and plant cells contain?

Answer 35

Membrane, membrane bound nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi body