Proteins Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up an amino acid?
A
- NH2 = amine group
- COOH = carboxyl group
- R = side chain containing carbon
2
Q
What is a dipeptide bond?
A
bond between two amino acids
3
Q
What is a polypeptide bond?
A
bond between many amino acids
4
Q
What are the structures of a protein?
A
- Primary
- Secondary
- Teritary
- Quarternary
5
Q
What is the primary structure of a protein?
A
- the order and number of amino acids
- is the initial sequence so determines it’s function
6
Q
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
A
the shape that the chain of amino acid makes
7
Q
What are the types of secondary structures?
A
- alpha helix
- beta pleated sheet
8
Q
How does the secondary structure form?
A
- the hydrogen in a NH is slightly positively charged
- oxygen in C=O is slighly negatively charged
- results in weak hydrogen bonds which create alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
9
Q
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
A
- the 3D shape of the protein
- formed by further twists
10
Q
What bonds maintain the tertiary structure?
A
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Ionic Bonds
- Disulfide Bridges
11
Q
Describe Disulfide Bridges in the tertiary structure.
A
- is bond between sulfur and R group in amino acid cysteine
- strong
12
Q
Describe Ionic Bonds in the tertiary structure.
A
- formed through bonds between carboxyl groups and amino groups (that aren’t involved in peptide chain)
- easily broken by pH
13
Q
Describe Hydrogen Bond in the tertiary structure.
A
- there’s lots of them
- easily broken
14
Q
What are globuar proteins?
A
- compact proteins
- example is enzymes
15
Q
What are fibrous proteins?
A
- long
- can form fibres
- examples is keratin
