Carbohydrates Flashcards
What monomers make up carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
What bonds hold polysaccaride together?
glycocidic bonds
What are examples of monosaccharides?
- glucose
- galactose
- fructose
What are the two isomers of glucose?
isomers = types
- alpha
- beta
What are some examples of disaccharides?
- maltose
- sucrose
- lactose
what monosaccharides makes up maltose?
two glucose molecules
What monosaccharides make up sucrose?
glucose and fructose
What monosaccharides make up lactose?
glucose and galactose
What is the difference between the isomers of glucose?
- alpha glucose is H over OH
- beta glucose is OH over H
What are some examples of polysaccharide?
- glycogen
- starch
- cellulose
What makes up glycogen and starch?
alpha gluose
what makes up cellulose?
beta glucose
Describe the structure of glycogen.
- highly branched
- compact
- insoluble
What is the affect of glycogen being highly branched?
it means that enzymes can act simultaneously, so energy can be released quickly
What is the function of glycogen?
It’s a main storage molecule for animals
What’s the formular for monosaccharides?
- (CH2O)n
- n = any number from 3-7
What is the affect of glycogen being compact?
it maximises the amount of energy that can be stored
What is the affect of glycogen being insoluble?
- it can’t affect water potential of cells
- can’t diffuse out of cells
What is the function of starch?
stores energy in plants
What polysaccharides make up starch?
- amylose
- amylopeptin
Describe the structure of amylose.
- unbranched
- coiled
How does amylose’s structure adapt starch for it’s function?
it being coiled makes it compact which means that the amount of energy that can be stored is maximised
Describe the structure of amylopeptin.
it is branched
How does amylopeptin’s structure adapt starch for it’s function?
it means that enzymes can act simultaneously, so energy can be released quickly
What are the properties of starch?
- insoluble
- compact
- made up of alpha glucose
What is the affect of starch being insoluble?
means that it won’t affect plant cell’s water potential
What is the affect of starch being compact?
it means a large amount of energy can be stored in a small space
What is the affect of starch being made of alpha glucose?
it means that when starch is hydrolysed, alpha glucose is produced which can be easily transported
Describe the structure of cellulose.
- long
- unbranched
What is the function of cellulose?
stops the cell wall of plants from bursting under the pressure caused by osmosis
How does cellulose stop the cell wall from bursting?
- it exerts inward pressure which stops in the influx of water
- this makes the plant cell rigid and turgid, which maxamises SA for photosynthesis
