Carbohydrates

Question 1

What monomers make up carbohydrates?

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 1

What bonds hold polysaccaride together?

Answer 1

glycocidic bonds

Question 2

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 2

1. glucose
2. galactose
3. fructose

Question 3

What are the two isomers of glucose?

isomers = types

Answer 3

• alpha
• beta

Question 4

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 4

• maltose
• sucrose
• lactose

Question 5

what monosaccharides makes up maltose?

Answer 5

two glucose molecules

Question 6

What monosaccharides make up sucrose?

Answer 6

glucose and fructose

Question 7

What monosaccharides make up lactose?

Answer 7

glucose and galactose

Question 8

What is the difference between the isomers of glucose?

Answer 8

• alpha glucose is H over OH
• beta glucose is OH over H

Question 9

What are some examples of polysaccharide?

Answer 9

1. glycogen
2. starch
3. cellulose

Question 10

What makes up glycogen and starch?

Answer 10

alpha gluose

Question 11

what makes up cellulose?

Answer 11

beta glucose

Question 12

Describe the structure of glycogen.

Answer 12

• highly branched
• compact
• insoluble

Question 13

What is the affect of glycogen being highly branched?

Answer 13

it means that enzymes can act simultaneously, so energy can be released quickly

Question 14

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 14

It’s a main storage molecule for animals

Question 15

What’s the formular for monosaccharides?

Answer 15

• (CH2O)n
• n = any number from 3-7

Question 16

What is the affect of glycogen being compact?

Answer 16

it maximises the amount of of energy that can be stored

Question 17

What is the affect of glycogen being insoluble?

Answer 17

• it can’t affect water potential of cells
• can’t diffuse out of cells

Question 18

What is the function of starch?

Answer 18

stores energy in plants

Question 19

What polysaccharides make up starch?

Answer 19

1. amylose
2. amylopeptin

Question 19

Describe the structure of amylose.

Answer 19

• unbranched
• coiled

Question 20

How does amylose’s structure adapt starch for it’s function?

Answer 20

it being coiled makes it compact which means that the amount of energy that can be stored is maximised

Question 21

Describe the structure of amylopeptin.

Answer 21

it is branched

Question 22

How does amylopeptin’s structure adapt starch for it’s function?

Answer 22

it means that enzymes can act simultaneously, so energy can be released quickly

Question 23

What are the properties of starch?

Answer 23

• insoluble
• compact
• made up of alpha glucose

Question 24

What is the affect of starch being insoluble?

Answer 24

means that it won’t affect plant cell’s water potential

Question 25

What is the affect of starch being compact?

Answer 25

it means a large amount of energy can be stored in a small space

Question 26

What is the affect of starch being made of alpha glucose?

Answer 26

it means that when starch is hydrolysed, alpha glucose is produced which can be easily transported

Question 27

Describe the structure of cellulose.

Answer 27

• long
• unbranched

Question 28

What is the function of cellulose?

Answer 28

stops the cell wall of plants from bursting under the pressure caused by osmosis

Question 29

How does cellulose stop the cell wall from bursting?

Answer 29

• it exerts inward pressure which stops in the influx of water
• this makes the plant cell rigid and turgid, which maxamises SA for photosynthesis