Proteins

Question 1

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

Answer 1

Amino acids

Question 2

What are amino acids

Answer 2

they are the monomers from which proteins are made

Question 3

Can you draw the structure of an amino acid

Answer 3

Search if you got the answer right

Question 4

what elements are found in proteins

Answer 4

nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 5

What bonds are found between amino acids

Answer 5

Peptide bond

Question 6

a long chain of many amino acids is called what?

Answer 6

Polypeptide chain

Question 7

What are the three types of groups in amino acids

Answer 7

• Variable group/ side chain
• Carboxyl group
• Amine group

Question 8

How many amino acids are found in all organisms?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

how do the amino acids in all organisms differ?

Answer 9

in their side group/chain

Question 10

Anything on glycine?

Answer 10

The only protein that contains only one hydrogen in its side group

Question 11

what is a dipeptide

Answer 11

consists of only two amino acids joined together

Question 12

Can you draw a dipeptide?

Answer 12

Search if you got it right

Question 13

How is water produced in a condensation reaction between amino acids

Answer 13

OH is taken from carboxyl group and H is taken from amine group

Question 14

What is the reverse reaction of the condensation reaction of proteins

Answer 14

digestion

Question 15

what are the stages of protein structure?

Answer 15

• Primary structure
• Secondary structure
• Tertiary structure
• Quaternary structure

Question 16

Describe the primary structure.

Answer 16

The order or sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 17

Describe the secondary structure

Answer 17

the folding of the polypeptide chain to either coil into alpha-helix or bend into a beta-pleated sheet.

Question 18

where are the bonds in the secondary structure?

Answer 18

Between the amine group (H) and carboxyl group (OH)

Question 19

Describe the tertiary structure

Answer 19

The further folding of the polypeptide chain to form a unique 3D shape

Question 20

How many bonds are in the tertiary structure and name them?

Answer 20

there are three, ionic, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges (when sulfur is present, cysteine)

Question 21

Describe the quaternary structure

Answer 21

The way the polypeptide chain and unique 3D shape are assembled together.

Question 22

List the proteins that have more than one polypeptide chain

Answer 22

Haemoglobin, collagen, insulin

Question 23

List four structure or proteins you know

Answer 23

Enzymes, antibodies, structural proteins and carrier proteins

Question 24

Describe structure and function of enzymes

Answer 24

• Usually spherical in shape
• Due to the tight folding of polypeptide chains
• Soluble in water
• Catalyze metabolic reactions

Question 25

List the two types of metabolic reactions

Answer 25

Catabolic and anabolic

Question 26

Describe the structure and function of carrier proteins

Answer 26

these are found in the cell-surface membrane and they form a channel. these channels transport molecules and ions across membranes.

Question 27

Describe the structure and function of structural proteins

Answer 27

Long polypeptide chains lie parallel to each other. they are cross-linked to provide strength and support.

Question 28

Examples of structural proteins

Answer 28

Collagen (found in structural proteins) and Keratin (found in hair and nails)

Question 29

Describe the structure and function of antibodies

Answer 29

They are involved in the immune response. Consists of light and heavy amino acids bonded together. they have variable regions, and they vary greatly.

Question 30

Proteins can be what depending on the number of peptide bonds

Answer 30

Dimers, trimers, and tetramers

Question 31

What test are used for proteins?

Answer 31

Biurests test

Question 32

Describe the biurets test

Answer 32

-The test must be alkaline so add sodium hydroxide to the food sample. - Then add copper (ii) sulphate to the sample - Add biurets - If the test is positive then the sample will turn purple, if it remains blue then its negative

Question 33

Describe how monomers goin to form the primary structure of protein

Answer 33

• Condensation reaction between amino acids • Form peptide bonds • Creating specific sequence/ order of amino acids