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Biology Topic 1 > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

A

Amino acids

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2
Q

What are amino acids

A

they are the monomers from which proteins are made

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3
Q

Can you draw the structure of an amino acid

A

Search if you got the answer right

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4
Q

what elements are found in proteins

A

nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur

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5
Q

What bonds are found between amino acids

A

Peptide bond

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6
Q

a long chain of many amino acids is called what?

A

Polypeptide chain

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7
Q

What are the three types of groups in amino acids

A
  • Variable group/ side chain
  • Carboxyl group
  • Amine group
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8
Q

How many amino acids are found in all organisms?

A

20

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9
Q

how do the amino acids in all organisms differ?

A

in their side group/chain

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10
Q

Anything on glycine?

A

The only protein that contains only one hydrogen in its side group

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11
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

consists of only two amino acids joined together

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12
Q

Can you draw a dipeptide?

A

Search if you got it right

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13
Q

How is water produced in a condensation reaction between amino acids

A

OH is taken from carboxyl group and H is taken from amine group

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14
Q

What is the reverse reaction of the condensation reaction of proteins

A

digestion

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15
Q

what are the stages of protein structure?

A
  • Primary structure
  • Secondary structure
  • Tertiary structure
  • Quaternary structure
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16
Q

Describe the primary structure.

A

The order or sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

17
Q

Describe the secondary structure

A

the folding of the polypeptide chain to either coil into alpha-helix or bend into a beta-pleated sheet.

18
Q

where are the bonds in the secondary structure?

A

Between the amine group (H) and carboxyl group (OH)

19
Q

Describe the tertiary structure

A

The further folding of the polypeptide chain to form a unique 3D shape

20
Q

How many bonds are in the tertiary structure and name them?

A

there are three, ionic, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges (when sulfur is present, cysteine)

21
Q

Describe the quaternary structure

A

The way the polypeptide chain and unique 3D shape are assembled together.

22
Q

List the proteins that have more than one polypeptide chain

A

Haemoglobin, collagen, insulin

23
Q

List four structure or proteins you know

A

Enzymes, antibodies, structural proteins and carrier proteins

24
Q

Describe structure and function of enzymes

A
  • Usually spherical in shape
  • Due to the tight folding of polypeptide chains
  • Soluble in water
  • Catalyze metabolic reactions
25
Q

List the two types of metabolic reactions

A

Catabolic and anabolic

26
Q

Describe the structure and function of carrier proteins

A

these are found in the cell-surface membrane and they form a channel.
these channels transport molecules and ions across membranes.

27
Q

Describe the structure and function of structural proteins

A

Long polypeptide chains lie parallel to each other. they are cross-linked to provide strength and support.

28
Q

Examples of structural proteins

A

Collagen (found in structural proteins) and Keratin (found in hair and nails)

29
Q

Describe the structure and function of antibodies

A

They are involved in the immune response. Consists of light and heavy amino acids bonded together. they have variable regions, and they vary greatly.

30
Q

Proteins can be what depending on the number of peptide bonds

A

Dimers, trimers, and tetramers

31
Q

What test are used for proteins?

A

Biurests test

32
Q

Describe the biurets test

A

-The test must be alkaline so add sodium hydroxide to the food sample.
- Then add copper (ii) sulphate to the sample
- Add biurets
- If the test is positive then the sample will turn purple, if it remains blue then its negative

33
Q

Describe how monomers goin to form the primary structure of protein

A

• Condensation reaction between amino acids
• Form peptide bonds
• Creating specific sequence/ order of amino acids

Biology Topic 1 (12 decks)

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