ATP Flashcards
What is the full meaning of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Draw the structure of ATP and label it
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What is adenosine triphosphate
It is a nucleotide derivative (derived) and is formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups
What is adenine and ribose called?
Adenosine
What makes ATP different from nucleotides?
It has no variation of bases
What is ADP and why is it formed?
Adenosine diphosphate, it is formed because the third phosphate group is unstable because it stores the highest form of energy, so energy rich
What phosphate groups store the highest form of energy?
The second and third phosphate groups
Because the third phosphate group is so unstable, what does it do?
Makes its way to release energy by hydrolysis
During respiration, what is released and where is it stored?
Energy is released and is stored in ATP within the bonds
The hydrolysis of ATP forms which products?
Adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate group
What catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
How is ATP resynthesized?
By the condensation of ADP and Pi
Where is ATP resynthesized?
In the mitochondria
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyses the condensation of ADP and Pi?
ATP synthase
How many carbon sugar is ribose?
5 carbon sugar
When is ATP synthase used?
During photosynthesis/ respiration
Give another function of the inorganic phosphate?
It can be used to phosphorylate other compounds, often to make them more reactive
What is phosphorylation?
The process in which a phosphate group is to a molecule
Where is ATP transported to?
To where it is required
Name some reactions that require energy
• Muscle contraction
• Mitosis and meiosis
• Active transport
• Cell division
Why is ATP biologically useful?
• It is quickly hydrolysis to release energy
• It releases energy in small, manageable amounts
• Quickly reformed
• Lowers activation energy
• Adds a phosphate group
Draw the ATP cycle
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What is the function of spindle fibers?
It separates and pulls apart chromosomes
Name a structure of spindle fibers that require ATP
Contractile proteins, actin and myosin
Give a brief structure and function of contractile proteins
They overlap and lay in between fibers, when they contract, they shorten which requires energy
Give another reaction where ATP is used that was not stated before?
Protein synthesis and most metabolic reactions
Give the process of muscle contraction
• ATP binds to contractile proteins
• Contractile protein is raised to touch the muscle fibres
• Muscles are contracted
• Phosphate group will be dissociated
•Moves to mitochondria to synthesize ATP
• ATPs been hydrolysis and energy has been released
• ADP is released, contractile protein detaches from the muscle fiber and returns to its original position
• Muscle relaxes
