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Biology Topic 1 > Cell Organelles and eukaryotes > Flashcards

Cell Organelles and eukaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do eukaryotic cells become specialized?

A

To perform specific functions

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2
Q

State the order (lowest to highest) in which cells become specialized

A

Cell>tissues>organs>organ systems

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3
Q

State all organelles (11)

A

• Cell-surface membrane
•Nucleus
•Mitochondria
• Chloroplasts
•Golgi apparatus
•Lysosomes
•Ribosomes
•Rough and soft endoplasmic reticulum
• Cell wall
•Vacuole

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4
Q

what polymers does the cell-surface membrane contain?
what kind of layer?
where is it found? (2)

A

-Contains phospholipids and proteins.
-Bilayer
-Found around the outside of a cell and most organelles

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell-surface membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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6
Q

How many membranes does the nucleus have?
contains a letter.?
what is the function of pores?
PBLA?
one or more…?

A

-Double membrane
-Contains an envelope
-Pores for passage of large molecules
-protein-bound linear DNA
-Nucleoli

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7
Q

What are the types of synthesis the nucleus carries out?
what does it contain that is used in reproduction?

A
  • RNA and protein synthesis
  • Genetic material
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8
Q

The powerhouse of the cell?
how many membranes?

A
  • Mitochondria
  • double
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9
Q

what is the function of mitochondria?
what is the function of cristae?
what is the function of the Matrix?
how does it make its proteins?

A
  • site of aerobic respiration
  • provides a large surface area for aerobic respiration
  • contains enzymes for respiration
  • it has its own DNA
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10
Q

Contains a green pigment.?
what is the name of the green pigment?
Name is organelles?

A
  • Chloroplast
    -Chlorophyll
  • Thylakoids, grana, lamellae, and stroma
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11
Q

what is the function of chloroplast?
where is chlorophyll contained?
what is the function of lamellae?
what does it store?
what is the function of stroma?
how are grana formed?

A
  • Contains enzymes for respiration
  • In thylakoids
  • Connects grana together
  • Starch
  • Where chemical reactions take place
  • From stacked thylakoids
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12
Q

stack of pancakes with membranes?
Actual stacks, surrounded by what?
what are the stacks called?

A
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Flattened sacs, membranes
  • Cisternae
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13
Q

the function of the Golgi apparatus?
what polymer and the biological molecule is involved
what two things does it form?

A
  • Modifies, packages, and transports
  • Lipids and proteins
  • Golgi vesicle and Lysosomes
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14
Q

Transcription?
what is it made up of?
How many membranes?

A
  • Ribosomes
  • RNA and proteins
  • Non
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15
Q

Function of ribosomes?

A

Carries out protein synthesis

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16
Q

contains digestive enzymes.?
what is the digestive enzyme called?
Why is the digestive enzyme contained?

A
  • Lysosomes
  • Lysozymes
  • So, it is not engulfed in the cytoplasm
17
Q

The function of lysosomes?
what is autolysis?

A
  • Digests unwanted material
  • Breaks down worn-out cell parts
  • The destruction of cells by their own enzymes usually released by lysosomes
18
Q

Starts with ‘c’ and is found in both plants and animals.?
contains a type of fluid.?

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Gel-like fluid
19
Q

The function of Cytoplasm? (2)

A
  • Where all chemical reactions take place
  • Provides platform for other organelles to operate
20
Q

RER?
Covered in….?
Membrane forming what?

A
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Ribosomes
  • Tubes
21
Q

what is the function of RER?
what are the polymers involved?

A
  • Synthesizes, stores, and transports
  • Proteins
22
Q

Opposite of RER?
Tubes formed from what?
contains no what?

A
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Membranes
  • Ribosomes
23
Q

Function SER?
What polymers are involved?

A
  • synthesizes, stores, and transports
  • Lipids and carbohydrates
24
Q

Starts with ‘v’ and is found in plants.?
TSG?

A
  • Vacuole
  • Turgid, swollen, and flaccid
25
Q

The function of the vacuole?

A
  • Waste is dissolved to keep it separate for storage
26
Q

Made from a polysaccharide and found outside plant cells.?
what is the name of the polysaccharide?
what bonds hold it together?
These bonds form what?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cellulose
  • Hydrogen bonds, crosslinked
  • Microfibrils
27
Q

The function of the cell wall
what other organism can the cell wall be found?

A
  • Provides, strength and rigidity and structural support
  • Algae
28
Q

Define a polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fats

A
  • Polyunsaturated fats consist of multiple double bonds between the carbon atoms
  • Monounsaturated fats only consist of one double bond between the carbon atoms

Biology Topic 1 (12 decks)

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