Cell Organelles and eukaryotes Flashcards
Why do eukaryotic cells become specialized?
To perform specific functions
State the order (lowest to highest) in which cells become specialized
Cell>tissues>organs>organ systems
State all organelles (11)
• Cell-surface membrane
•Nucleus
•Mitochondria
• Chloroplasts
•Golgi apparatus
•Lysosomes
•Ribosomes
•Rough and soft endoplasmic reticulum
• Cell wall
•Vacuole
what polymers does the cell-surface membrane contain?
what kind of layer?
where is it found? (2)
-Contains phospholipids and proteins.
-Bilayer
-Found around the outside of a cell and most organelles
What is the function of the cell-surface membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
How many membranes does the nucleus have?
contains a letter.?
what is the function of pores?
PBLA?
one or more…?
-Double membrane
-Contains an envelope
-Pores for passage of large molecules
-protein-bound linear DNA
-Nucleoli
What are the types of synthesis the nucleus carries out?
what does it contain that is used in reproduction?
- RNA and protein synthesis
- Genetic material
The powerhouse of the cell?
how many membranes?
- Mitochondria
- double
what is the function of mitochondria?
what is the function of cristae?
what is the function of the Matrix?
how does it make its proteins?
- site of aerobic respiration
- provides a large surface area for aerobic respiration
- contains enzymes for respiration
- it has its own DNA
Contains a green pigment.?
what is the name of the green pigment?
Name is organelles?
- Chloroplast
-Chlorophyll - Thylakoids, grana, lamellae, and stroma
what is the function of chloroplast?
where is chlorophyll contained?
what is the function of lamellae?
what does it store?
what is the function of stroma?
how are grana formed?
- Contains enzymes for respiration
- In thylakoids
- Connects grana together
- Starch
- Where chemical reactions take place
- From stacked thylakoids
stack of pancakes with membranes?
Actual stacks, surrounded by what?
what are the stacks called?
- Golgi apparatus
- Flattened sacs, membranes
- Cisternae
the function of the Golgi apparatus?
what polymer and the biological molecule is involved
what two things does it form?
- Modifies, packages, and transports
- Lipids and proteins
- Golgi vesicle and Lysosomes
Transcription?
what is it made up of?
How many membranes?
- Ribosomes
- RNA and proteins
- Non
Function of ribosomes?
Carries out protein synthesis
contains digestive enzymes.?
what is the digestive enzyme called?
Why is the digestive enzyme contained?
- Lysosomes
- Lysozymes
- So, it is not engulfed in the cytoplasm
The function of lysosomes?
what is autolysis?
- Digests unwanted material
- Breaks down worn-out cell parts
- The destruction of cells by their own enzymes usually released by lysosomes
Starts with ‘c’ and is found in both plants and animals.?
contains a type of fluid.?
- Cytoplasm
- Gel-like fluid
The function of Cytoplasm? (2)
- Where all chemical reactions take place
- Provides platform for other organelles to operate
RER?
Covered in….?
Membrane forming what?
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Tubes
what is the function of RER?
what are the polymers involved?
- Synthesizes, stores, and transports
- Proteins
Opposite of RER?
Tubes formed from what?
contains no what?
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Membranes
- Ribosomes
Function SER?
What polymers are involved?
- synthesizes, stores, and transports
- Lipids and carbohydrates
Starts with ‘v’ and is found in plants.?
TSG?
- Vacuole
- Turgid, swollen, and flaccid
The function of the vacuole?
- Waste is dissolved to keep it separate for storage
Made from a polysaccharide and found outside plant cells.?
what is the name of the polysaccharide?
what bonds hold it together?
These bonds form what?
- Cell wall
- Cellulose
- Hydrogen bonds, crosslinked
- Microfibrils
The function of the cell wall
what other organism can the cell wall be found?
- Provides, strength and rigidity and structural support
- Algae
Define a polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fats
- Polyunsaturated fats consist of multiple double bonds between the carbon atoms
- Monounsaturated fats only consist of one double bond between the carbon atoms