Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Tetracyclines ) Flashcards

1
Q

What are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?

A
  1. Tetracyclines
  2. Aminoglycosides
    3.Macrolides &Ketolides
    4.Chloramphenicol
    5.Clindamycin
    6.Oxazolidinones
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2
Q

Tetracycline class include :

A

-Minocycline
-Doxycycline
-Demeclocycline
-Tetracycline

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3
Q

MOA for tetracyclines :

A

-Rversible binding with 30S subunit of bacterial Ribosome preventing binding of tRNA with mRNA

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4
Q

Tetracyclines are ……………………. Antibiotic , and are effective for …….. , ……….., ………….,…………..and ……….. .

A

Bacteriostatic / Gram + , Gram - , protozoa , spirochetes and atypical.

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5
Q

Tetracycline is prescribed in

A

Peptic ulcer disease

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6
Q

Doxycycline is prescribed in : ( 6 cases )

A
  1. Acne
  2. Cholera
  3. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
  4. Lyme disease
  5. Chlamydia
  6. Mycoplasma Pneumonia
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7
Q

MOR for Tetracycline :

A

1) Efflux pump
2) Enzymatic inactivation of the drug
3) Interfering with binding to ribosomes

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8
Q

……………. Is not a common mechanism of resistance of tetracyclines

A

Cross-Resistance

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9
Q

How are tetracyclines taken?

A

Orally

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10
Q

Rate of absorption

A

Tetracycline are adequately absorbed but it is decreased if it is administered with dairy ( high cations )

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11
Q

Why is the rate of absorption of tetracyclines decreased when it is administered with cations ?

A

Because they form non- absorbable chelates.

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12
Q

Where are tetracyclines distributed ?

A

1) body fluids including CSF
2) bind to tissues undergoing calcification ( bone ,teeth )
3) Cross placenta and deposit in fatal bones during pregnancy

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13
Q

How are tetracyclines eliminated ?

A

They are eliminated unchanged in urine

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14
Q

How are doxycyclines eliminated ?

A

In bile /feces

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of tetracyclines ?

A

1) Pseudotumor cerebri
2) Vestibular Dysfunction
3) Effects on calcified tissues
4) Gastric discomfort
5) Hepatotoxicity
6) Phototoxicity

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16
Q

Vestibular dysfunction and tetracyclines :

A

Dizziness, vertigo , tinnitus

17
Q

Gastric discomfort and tetracyclines :

A

Irritation of gastric mucosa and esophagitis

18
Q

Calcified tissues and tetracyclines :

A

They generally deposit in tissues undergoing calcification , they may cause dental hypoplasia and growth problems .

19
Q

Phototoxicity and tetracyclines :

A

They may cause severe sunburns

20
Q

Tetracyclines contraindications :

A

1) Pregnant women
2) Breast-feeding women
3) Pediatric age group <8 years

21
Q

Glyclcyclines include ……..

A

Tigecyclines

22
Q

About Tigecyclines :

A

-Derivative of minocyclines
- Same mechanism of action and mechanism of resistance as tetracyclines

23
Q

Antibacterial Spectrum of Tigecyclines:

A

1) MRSA
2) Vancomycin-resistance enterococci
3) Multi-drug resistance streptococci
4) ESBL gram-negative bacteria
5) Acinetobacter species
6) Pseudomonas