Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
Name the macrolides?
3
Erythromycin
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
What kind of bacteria does erythromycin work against?
2 with 3 and 2
Bacteria lacking cell walls -Mycoplasma -Legionella -Chlamydia Gram + and Gram - -Strep pneumo -GABH strep
Specific diseases that erythromycin is typically prescribed for?
4
Strep throat (if allergic to penicillin)
CAP
Topically for acne
GOOD IN PREGNANCY
Most common side effect of erythromycin?
POOR GI Tolerance
As far as coverage goes what does Azithromycin (Zithromax) cover better than Erythromycin?
(name all that it covers though)
7
Two shared
Two only Z
Best coverage for?
-Strep pneumo
-GABH strep
Covers all that Erythromyscin covers except also:
-H. Flu
-Moraxella
The best atypical coverage
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella
- Chlamydia
What specific diseases/infections is Azithromycin (Zithromax) typically used for?
3
CAP
ABECB
1 time dose for chlamydia
- more effective aganinst respiratory infections
What is Clarithromycin used for?
Same as the other macrolides
What diseases/infections is Clarithromycin typically used against?
6
CAP Legionella H. pylori Sinusitis Bronchitis ABECB
What is the MOA for macrolides?
BInd to 50s ribosomal subunit (bacteriostatic)
S/E of macrolides?
(specifically erythromycin?)
3
GI distress
Many drug to drug interactions because of cytochrome P450
Increased instance of muscle toxicity
What are the tetracyclines?
4
Tetracycline
***Doxycycline: by far the most important one you need to understand in this class!!
Minocycline
Demeclocycline
What specific diseases/infections is Doxycycline used for typically?
drug of choice for
- mycoplasma pneumoniae,
- chlamydiae (which can be responsible for a variety of STIs), 3. rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever), and excellent for 4. Lyme Disease
- PID
What is Minocycline used for commonly?
ance usually
WHat is tetrcycline used for commonly?
acne
What is Demecolcycline used for?
treatment of SIADH
MOA for tetracyclines?
Binds to 30s ribsosomal subunit (bacteriostatic)
What kind of bacteria is tetracylines good against?
gram + and Gram -
Side effects to remmeber with tetracyclines?
4
Photosensivity
Dental staining
NOT used in children
Hepatotoxic
Doxy is safe in renal pts
What does Clindamycin cover?
- Gram + cocci
2. most anaerobes above the diaphragm
What do we need to remember about clindamycin?
Clostridium difficile is ALWAYS resistant to clindamycin
Note: Clostridium difficile is a bug that hangs out in the gut and typically causes zero problems. However, with administration of Clindamycin you can potentially have overgrowth of Clostridium difficile which can lead to a potentially fatal disease referred to as pseudomembranous colitis
What does chloramphenicol cover?
Broad spectrum
-high toxicity- only used for life thretening infections
GOOD CNS penetration
Mechanism of action for chloramphenicol?
bind to 50s ribosomal subunit- inhibits protein synthesis
Side effects to remember for chloramphenicol?
3
Bone marrow suppression
Grey baby syndrome
Anemias (reversible, hemolytic, aplastic)
