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Complete Pharmacology for ID > Beta Lactams > Flashcards

Beta Lactams Flashcards

1
Q

What are the natural penicillins?

A 
Pencillin VK (oral)
Penicilin G (IV, IM)
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2
Q

What are the general indications for the natural penicillins?2

What are the specific bacteria that it targets?3

A

Gram Positive bacteria

Non B-lactamase producing gram positive cocci
Gram positive aneroebes

  1. Staph, Strep, Enterococci (Non B-lactamase producing
    gram positive cocci)
  2. Closstridium sp (Gram positive aneroebes)
  3. Menigococcus- negative
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3
Q

What specific diseases would natural penicillins be first line for?3

A

Strep pharyngitis
Oral/dental infections
Syphilis

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4
Q

Which medications are Antistaphylococcal PCNs?

3

A

Dicloxacillin,
oxacillin, and
nafcillin

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5
Q

General indications for Antistaphylococcal PCNs?

Why were they primarily designed?

A

Narrow spectrum activity for gram positive bacteria

To go against B-lactamase producing staphylococcus

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6
Q

What bacteria will Antistaphylococcal PCNs not cover?3

A

MRSA
Enterococcus
Gram negatives

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7
Q

What specific diseases would Antistaphylococcal PCNs be first line for?

A

Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue infections

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8
Q

What is a defining characteristic of the Antistaphylococcal PCNs?

A

The only group of PCN’s effective vs B-lactamase bugs on their own

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9
Q

Which medications are the Amino-penicillins?2

A

Amoxicillin (PO)

Ampicillin (PO, IM, IV)

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10
Q

General indications for amino-penicillins?

What does it not cover?

A

Gram positive and Gram negative coverage

B-lactamase bacteria

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11
Q

What specific diseases would amino-penicillins be first line for?
9

A 
Active vs. enterococcus
Otisis media
UTI's in pregnancy
H.Flu
E. Coli
L. monocytogenes (Listeriosis)
Strep spp (Group B Strep)
Proteus
Salmonella
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12
Q

What drugs are Augmentin and Unasyn?

A

Amino-penicillin with B-lactamase inhibitor

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (Augmentin
Ampicilin + Sulbactam
Unasyn)

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13
Q

Amino-penicillin with B-lactamase inhibitor cover what kinds of bacteria?

A
  1. B-lactamase

2. anaerobes

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14
Q

What are examples of B-lactamase bacteria?

A

M. Catarrhalis
H. Influenza
E. coli
B. fragilis

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15
Q

What specific disease would augmentin be a first line drug for?
5

A 
OM
sinusitis
ABECB (acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis)
dental infections
bites
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16
Q

What specific disease would unasyn be a first line drug for?

A

Skin/soft tissue infections (bolded)

intraabdominal/peritonitis

17
Q

What are the broad spectrum penicillins?

3

A

Carbenicillin (PO)
Piperacilin/tazobactam (Zosyn) - IV
Ticarcillin/Clavulanate (Timentin)-IV

18
Q

What are the broad spetrum antibiotics reserved for?

WHat does it not cover?

A

Infections that are suspected to be causes by pseudomonas

Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia

19
Q

What bacteria will Carbenicllin specifically cover?

3

A

E. coli
Protues mirabilis
Pseudomonas

20
Q

Name the three beta-lactamase inhibitors?

A

Clavulanante
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

21
Q

WHat are the 1st generation cephalosporins and what is their general use?
3

A

cephalexin (Keflex) PO
*cefazolin (Ancef)-IV version

cefadroxil oldest,*

Skin and soft tissue infections

22
Q

What bacteria do 1st generation cephalosporins cover?

4

A

Gram Positive Cocci (including beta-lactamase drugs)

Anaerobes
E. coli
H.Flu

23
Q

What diseases/infections would 1st generation cehpalosporins be first line for?2

A

skin and soft tissue infections caused by staph and strep

Cephalexin- uncomplicated cellulitis
Cefazolin- complicated cellulitis

Surgical prophylaxis

24
Q

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins (4) and what is their general use (4)?

A

cefaclor (Ceclor)
cefuroxime (Ceftin)
cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
cefotetan

Skin
Respiratory/ENT
UTI
Anaerobes

25
Q

What kind of bacteria do 2nd generation cephalosporins cover?

Examples?4

A

Broader gram negatove coverage

H. flu
Proteus
Neisseria
Moraxella

26
Q

What specific diseases would 2nd generation cephalosporins be used for?
5

A 
OM
Pneumonia
UTIs
Abdominal infections -anaerobes
Skin and soft tissue infections
27
Q

What diseases specifically is Cerfuoxime used for?

2

A

Acute epiglotitis

Early Lyme disease

28
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins (3) and what are they generally used for? (3)

A

cefotaxime
ceftazidime
ceftriaxone

PNA
CNS
Gram negative- is broad spectrum

29
Q

Specific diseases where 3rd generation cephalosporins are the first line use?

A
  1. Menigitis(has good CNS penetration)
  2. Gonorrhea
  3. pts hospitalized with CAP
30
Q

What specifically does Ceftazidamine cover?

A

pseudomonas

31
Q

What is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

What does bacteria does it target?

WHat does it treat well?

A

cefepime

Gram positive and negative for pseudomonas

Menigitis and other serious infections and sepsis
-penetrates the BBB well

32
Q

What are the carbapenems?
2

What do we use them for?

What kind of bacteria does it cover?3

A

Imipenem/cilastatin (IV)
Meropenem (IV)

Significantly ill pts who have very drug resistant forms of bacteria
-menigitis, neutropenis pts (lowers seizure threshold)

Gram +
Gram -
Anaerobes

Complete Pharmacology for ID (5 decks)

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