protein synthesis and functions

Question 1

what is histatin

Answer 1

peptide

Question 2

what do fibrous proteins provide

Answer 2

mechanical support

Question 3

what are proteins

Answer 3

molecules that perform all functions required for life

Question 4

describe globular proteins

Answer 4

water soluble
many functions

Question 5

what are proteins made from

Answer 5

amino acids
20 commonly found
9 derived from diet - essential amino acids

Question 6

levels to protein folding

Answer 6

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

Question 7

what are amino acids joined by

Answer 7

peptide bonds

Question 8

what type of protein is collagen

Answer 8

structural

Question 9

function of collagen

Answer 9

provide support to extracellular space of connective tissues

Question 10

what does a lack of vitamin c lead to

Answer 10

scurvy
associated with gum disease + skin problems

Question 11

what does proline being modified to hydroxyproline make + require

Answer 11

triple helix
requires vitamin c

Question 12

describe amylase

Answer 12

most abundant protein in saliva
hydrolyses carbs
part of acquired enamel pellicle - facilitates bacterial attachment to teeth

Question 13

what is catalysis

Answer 13

speeding up reaction

Question 14

what does amylase hydrolyse

Answer 14

carbs
long chains into shorter chains

Question 15

what is histatin important for

Answer 15

essential for host defence

Question 16

why is histatin effective at killing bacteria

Answer 16

anti-microbial peptide in saliva

Question 17

what level of folding does haemoglobin have

Answer 17

quaternary

Question 18

function of haemoglobin

Answer 18

transport oxygen in the blood stream

Question 19

what might amino acid changes lead to in haemoglobin

Answer 19

inability to carry oxygen
-sickle cell anaemia

Question 20

what happens when proteins go wrong

Answer 20

genetic sequence changes - protein might not get made at all - premature stop codon or mis-sense shift in codons

does get made but shape is incorrect - can be removed by protein recycling machinery - proteasome

Question 21

describe regulation

Answer 21

at initiation proteins can prevent binding of mRNA to ribosome

lack energy

many clinically effective antibiotics work by specifically inhibiting protein synthesis in prokaryotes

Question 22

why might the cell lack energy in regulation

Answer 22

due to stress

Question 23

what does translation do

Answer 23

make proteins

Question 24

describe translation

Answer 24

genetic material stores the library of info on how a cell should function
included protein coding DNA sequences - transcribed to RNA
mRNA then translated to make protein