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ICT > intro to connective tissue > Flashcards

intro to connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 basic classes of tissues

A

muscles
epithelia
connective tissue
nervous tissue

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2
Q

examples of connective tissues

A
  • oral cavity = different types
  • bone - mineralised CT
  • teeth - mineralised CT
  • enamel
  • dentine
  • dental pulp
  • periodontal ligament
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3
Q

what is connective tissue

A

term for diverse + abundant supporting tissue

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4
Q

what does connective tissue function in

A
  • structural support for body + organs
  • tensile strength
  • elasticity
  • binding tissues together
  • immunodefence
  • metabolism + energy store (fat cells)
  • cushioning
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5
Q

what is connective tissue an example of

A

specialised connective tissue

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6
Q

examples of connective tissue proper

A

bone cartilage
blood
adipose
dentine
lymph

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7
Q

describe the cells of connective tissue

A
  • fibroblasts
  • main type of non-specialised connective tissue
  • spindle-like cell shaped
  • cigar shaped nucleus
  • produce + maintain extracellular matrix (ECM) + ground substance
  • activated myofibroblasts involved in wound healing → fibrosis
    • can be chronically activated
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8
Q

describe fixed connective tissue cells

A
  • fibroblasts
  • adipocyte → fat cells - signet ring appearance
  • fibrocyte
  • macrophage - phagoctyosis, engulf foreign
  • see fixed / resident cells in connective tissue:
    • fibroblasts is connective tissue proper
    • fibrocytes - inactive fibroblasts
    • adipocytes - inactive fibroblasts
    • macrophages - phagocytic, immune function derived from monocytes
  • in specialised connective tissue such as cartilage/ bone / dentine:
    • chondroblasts
    • osteoblasts
    • odontoblasts
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9
Q

where do wandering tissues migrate to + when

A

migrate into connective tissue when needed

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10
Q

describe plasma cells

A

oval clock face nucleus - actively produces antibodies

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11
Q

describe eosinophils

A

2 lobe nuclei
eosinophilic granules

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12
Q

describe neutrophils

A

multilobed nuclei
phagocytic functions

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13
Q

describe ground substance

A
  • clear viscous like
  • amorphous - doesn’t have a clear shape - instead just fills space between cells + fibres
  • transparent semi solid gel
  • fibres are embedded in ground substance
  • hyaluronic acid backbone which contains:
    • glycoproteins + complex carbohydrates-glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
    • GAFs have negative side chains-highly negative charged - acidic
  • hydrophilic binds water
  • provides volume to connective tissue
  • allows vessels to pass through
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14
Q

describe lymphocyte

A

round nuclei with small cytoplasm

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15
Q

describe mast cells

A

basophilic granules
inflammatory reactions
histamine production

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16
Q

what is elastin

A
  • secreted as precursor tropoelastin
  • polymerises to become elastin
  • requires glycoprotein fibrillin scaffold
17
Q

where are elastin fibres found

A

skin
ears
arteries
lung
bladder

18
Q

how can elastin be seen

A
  • can see with H & E - esoinophilic
  • elastin van geison stain - black fibres
19
Q

what is the function of elastin

A

allows stretch + recoil to maintain shape

20
Q

describe collagen

A
  • main fibre type
  • most abundant protein in the body
  • high tensile strength steel
  • flexible but can break
  • several different types - up to 25 - superfamily
  • secreted by fibroblasts as procollagen → made into tropollagen = triple alpha helix structure → fibrils
  • type I - most abundant - 90%
  • formation is triple alpha helix
  • thicker than elastin
  • doesn’t branch
  • H&E - pink - eosinophilic
  • masson’s trichome - blue
  • EC, see fibrils + structure
    • L = longitudinal
    • T = transverse section
21
Q

what is type I collagen found in

A

bones
skin
tendons
ligaments

22
Q

what is type II collagen found in

A

cartilage

23
Q

what is type III collagen found in

A

reticular fibres

24
Q

what is type IV collagen found in

A

basement membrane

25
Q

describe type III collagen

A
  • reticular fibres
  • delicate + thin
  • form the framework or organs/glands + blood vessels
  • a = reticular fibres in tonsil, cells present = lymphoid tonsil tissue, fibroblasts - secreting reticular fibres
26
Q
A

ICT (13 decks)

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