Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is transcription?

Answer 1

the transfer of the genetic code on DNA to the genetic code on mRNA. The DNA is transcribed into a message. It takes place in the nucleus.

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

the conversion of the information in the genetic code into the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. It takes place on the ribosomes.

Question 3

Polypeptide

Answer 3

Chains of amino acids. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide molecules

Question 4

Ribosome

Answer 4

the organelles found throughout the cell which functions as cites for protein synthesis. This is where translation takes place. The ribosome is made of rRNA.

Question 5

RNA involved in protein synthesis

Answer 5

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 6

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 6

rRNA are responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together

Question 7

RNA Polymerase

Answer 7

an enzyme that catalyses (causes) transcription. It connects complementary RNA bases to the DNA.

Question 8

Polysome

Answer 8

a cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of mRNA which each is translating

Question 9

Why do we need proteins?

Answer 9

Proteins are essential for you to live. They are involved in transport, structure, protecting the body and in acting as enzymes that make all kinds of materials.

Question 10

What is protein synthesis

Answer 10

The making of proteins

Question 11

What comes first in protein synthesis?

Answer 11

TransCription followed by transLation. Note C comes before L.

Question 12

Transcription Steps

Answer 12

The enzyme RNA polymerase connects complementary RNA bases to the DNA. These RNA bases are bonded together to form a single stranded mRNA.
mRNA consists of a message made of RNA that’s been based on the DNA

Question 13

Transcription Steps continued

Answer 13

The mRNA leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome.

Question 14

Translation Steps

Answer 14

In the cytoplasm there are tRNA molecules available. The mRNA directs which tRNA come in and therefore which amino acids are transferred

Question 15

Translation Steps continued

Answer 15

When the tRNA finds its complementary bases (anti-codon) on the mRNA (codon) they transfer their amino acid. The tRNA eventually leaves (where it can pick up another amino acid) leaving behind its amino acid.

Question 16

Transcription Steps continued 2

Answer 16

The amino acids left behind are held together by a peptide bond. The result of translation is that a chain (or polypeptide chain) of amino acids was built

Question 17

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 17

A type RNA molecule found in the cytoplasm, it helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. tRNA carries an amino acid on them, amino acids are the monomer or building block for protein.