Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is transcription?

A

the transfer of the genetic code on DNA to the genetic code on mRNA. The DNA is transcribed into a message. It takes place in the nucleus.

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2
Q

Translation

A

the conversion of the information in the genetic code into the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. It takes place on the ribosomes.

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3
Q

Polypeptide

A

Chains of amino acids. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide molecules

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4
Q

Ribosome

A

the organelles found throughout the cell which functions as cites for protein synthesis. This is where translation takes place. The ribosome is made of rRNA.

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5
Q

RNA involved in protein synthesis

A
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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6
Q

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

rRNA are responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together

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7
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

an enzyme that catalyses (causes) transcription. It connects complementary RNA bases to the DNA.

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8
Q

Polysome

A

a cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of mRNA which each is translating

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9
Q

Why do we need proteins?

A

Proteins are essential for you to live. They are involved in transport, structure, protecting the body and in acting as enzymes that make all kinds of materials.

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10
Q

What is protein synthesis

A

The making of proteins

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11
Q

What comes first in protein synthesis?

A

TransCription followed by transLation. Note C comes before L.

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12
Q

Transcription Steps

A

The enzyme RNA polymerase connects complementary RNA bases to the DNA. These RNA bases are bonded together to form a single stranded mRNA.
mRNA consists of a message made of RNA that’s been based on the DNA

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13
Q

Transcription Steps continued

A

The mRNA leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome.

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14
Q

Translation Steps

A

In the cytoplasm there are tRNA molecules available. The mRNA directs which tRNA come in and therefore which amino acids are transferred

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15
Q

Translation Steps continued

A

When the tRNA finds its complementary bases (anti-codon) on the mRNA (codon) they transfer their amino acid. The tRNA eventually leaves (where it can pick up another amino acid) leaving behind its amino acid.

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16
Q

Transcription Steps continued 2

A

The amino acids left behind are held together by a peptide bond. The result of translation is that a chain (or polypeptide chain) of amino acids was built

17
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

A type RNA molecule found in the cytoplasm, it helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. tRNA carries an amino acid on them, amino acids are the monomer or building block for protein.