Genes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a gene

A

A segment of DNA (located on a chromosome) that is in control of offsprings traits/characteristics. Genes also code for proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an allele?

A

Alleles are pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics. An example of an allele is the gene that determines hair color.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

a threadlike structure made of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

A recessive allele is a variety of genetic code that doesn’t create the phenotype if a dominant allele is present. A recessive allele will only be apparent if it’s homozygous recessive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

A dominant allele is a variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype, even in the presence of other alleles. It masks the characteristic of the recessive allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genotype is the genetic makeup of cell which determines its characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The phenotype is the physical characteristics of an organism derived from the genotype and its interaction with the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define homozygous?

A

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes (AA, aa).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define heterozygous?

A

Having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes (Aa, Nn).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Pure breeding?

A

A group of identical individuals that always produce offspring of the same phenotype when intercrossed.
This ensured that when Mendel crossed two plants with differing traits, there were no other factors contributing to the outcome of the cross.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Monohybrid cross

A

A monohybrid cross is a mating between two parents in which only one pair of genes, that is one pair of contrasting characteristics is considered (eye colour - blue/brown, hair colour - black/blonde).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Dihybrid cross?

A

A mating between two parents in which two pairs of contrasting characteristics are considered (tall purple flower, short white flower).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Hybrid

A

Hybrids are organisms that result from crosses of parents having different expressions of the same trait (plant seeds: wrinkled or smooth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Incomplete Dominance

A

The dominant allele is not completely expressed when the recessive allele is around. Resulting in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles (i.e. red + white = pink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Codominance

A

Both alleles are fully expressed resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive (black + white cow = black and white spotted cow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly